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 STATE OF TEXAS INVESTIGATION REPORT ALONG THE MEXICAN BOARDER |
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(Also Referred to as “Rosa Maria”)
1917 - 2017
THE CENTENNIAL EDITION
CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF REEFER MADNESS
1917 -- - - - - -
REPORT OF INVESTIGATION IN THE STATE OF TEXAS
PARTICULARLY ALONG THE MEXICAN BOARDER
On the traffic in, and consumption of the drug generally known as "Indian Hemp", or Cannabis indica, known in Mexico and States bordering on the Rio Grande River as “Marihuana; sometimes also referred to as “Rosa Maria”, or “Juanita”.
MUSEUM COMMENTS:
There are many who believe that it was Harry J. Anslinger who created the Reefer Madness Campaign. They are wrong, Anslinger was but a facilitator to that which was already there. This report (dated April 15, 1917, or long before Anslinger had come of age) gives proof to that. Or as that New York expression goes;
If it quacks like a Duck,
if it walks like a Duck . . then it’s a Duck.
Or in our case, if it sounds like Reefer Madness, if it looks like Reefer Madness, then it’s Reefer Madness.
As noted this report was originally put together by the DEA back in the year 1917. Oh yes, some of you will no doubt question this; --- But wasn’t the DEA created in 1970-72 by then President Richard Nixon? So how could they have written this report way back in 1917? The answer is simple, although (at least in name) the DEA was created in 1970-72, in actuality what happened was that Harry Ansllinger’s old ‘Federal Bureau of Narcotics’ was brought over, almost intact to form the new DEA. Granted there were a few minor changes, but in general it was nothing more than a name change. And Anslinger’s old Bureau of Narcotics itself was brought into being in 1930.
But this ignores the fact that the ‘Bureau of Narcotics’ itself (as an entity) was already well in existence as a branch arm of the then 'Bureau of Prohibition' (aka Elliot Ness and the Untouchables), etc. And that agency came into being in the 1920’s.
But even before that, there was a predecessor to the Bureau of Prohibition, which conducted pretty much the same function. Known as the ‘The Bureau of Chemistry’, then Drug Czar Harvey Wiley used the agency to pass new narcotics laws and do pretty much what drug czar’s do today. Some of you might have heard of the ‘Wiley laws’ (the Harrison Narcotics Act, the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, etc). Yap, the DEA by yet another name; --- Or the some bottle with a different label.
And for those of you interested, the ‘Bureau of Chemistry’, itself was formed from the ‘Department of Chemistry’, which was itself created by then President Abraham Lincoln way back in 1862. And before that . . . . well, let’s just say that at one time it was against the law NOT TO GROW MARIHUANA. * Which implies that some sort of drug police was around even during colonial times or that the DEA is much, much older than one thinks. However for now, let’s just stay with the ‘Bureau of Chemistry’ (as the DEA was known back then). Which was the entity responsible for the creation of this report. And NO, this was not the original Reefer madness article that got things started, not by any means. It is however, interesting to note its date, '1917' or less then 20 years after the word ‘Mariguana’ first started to make its way (via newspaper reports coming out of Mexico) into the English language. And while Cannabis itself was excluded from the Harrison Narcotics Act (1914 - written mostly by then Drug Czar Harvey Wiley), as this report shows, he didn’t waste anytime trying to add it in at a later time.
OF HISTORICAL NOTE: --- Harvey Wiley, the drug czar responsible for ordering the creation of this report, would eventually be expelled from office. Allegedly for misuse of government funds and improper lobbying activities, etc. but that is a different story . .
WARNING:
This website was hand transcribed from the original copies of the report located at the University of Virginia. Thus some typeo’s can be expected, plus we felt it proper to correct a few originally mis-spelled words etc. If referencing is made it is advisable to obtain copies of the originals for such purposes.
MUSEUM COMMENTS - where applicable are all in red
* SEE OUR SYSTER WEBSITE: http://reefermadnessmuseum.org/chap04/Virginia/VA_IndHempP1.htm
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY,
WASHINGTON D.C.
April 15, 1917
DOCTOR ALSBERG:
I am submitting herewith a report of the investigations made by me in the State of Texas, particularly along the Mexican border, of the traffic in the consumption of the drug known as “Indian Hemp”, or “Cannabis indica,” but known in Mexico and the States bordering on the Rio Grande River as “Marihuana”, sometimes also referred to as “Rosa Maria” or “Juanita”.
In connection with this report I am submitting the following exhibits:
Exhibit “A” Invoice of J. Armengol to Domingo Fernanedez dated Jan. 30, 1917.Exhibits “A” to “H” in the above list are submitted as evidence of the ineffectiveness of Treasury Decision 35719, which was issued September 25, 1915, to prohibit importations of the drug for purposes other than in the preparation of medicine.
Exhibit “B” Invoice of Mexican Products Co. to Domingo Fernandez dated March 7, 1917.
Exhibit “C” Advertisement of D. Fernandez dated Feb. 1, 1917.
Exhibit “D” Price list of Cenobio Garcia, distributed march 1, 1916.
Exhibit “E” Price list of J. Armengol, dated Jan. 25, 1917.
Exhibit “F” Price list of F. Pizzinni, distributed Sept. 20, 1916.
Exhibit “G” Letter from Mexican Products Co. to F. Pizinni, dated March 10,1917.
Exhibit “H” Invoice Manuel Sauvier to J. Armengol, dated Oct. 24, 1913:
Exhibit “I” Photographic copy of report of Inspector (Food and Drug) J.B. Hummer to Chief Bureau of Chemistry, dated Oct. 26, 1915.
Exhibit “J” Photographic copy of letter from Robert T. Neil, Dept. of Justice, to Dr. W.W. Stockberger, Bureau of Plant Industry, dated July 1, 1915, submitting letter with 6 enclosures from Stanley Good, Jr., Deputy Sheriff of El Paso County.
Exhibits "I" to "J" are photographic copies of correspondence previously received by the Department bearing on the baneful effects produced by the smoking of the drug, the original copies of which are on file in the Bureau or Chemistry.
Additional information on the harmful effects produced by, the smoking of the drug, obtained by me during this investigation, will be found under the headings of towns visited in the form of statements and signed letters from Government officials and from physicians and druggists of prominence in the State of Texas.
During this investigation I collected several samples of Cannabis indica, both in bulk and package form, which was being offered for sale by druggists and grocers. These samples represent varieties of the drug grown in Mexico, Texas and probably Asia. They are-being submitted herewith, together with some Marihuana cigarettes which were seized by the customs officials at El Paso.
I would call special attention to the two samples of the one-ounce package put out by Parke Davis and Company of Detroit. The larger container is the more recent on the market and you will notice that the contents are in loose form convenient for smoking purposes.
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On page 15 of this report I have suggested that the proper district chiefs be instructed to cause an investigation to be made to ascertain how much of the herb of Cannabis indica, either in bulk or in package form, has been sold by leading drug manufacturing concerns during the past few years.
I would also call your attention to my recommendations on page 86 of this report, namely, that some action be instituted toward securing an amendment to the Harrison Narcotic Law whereby Cannabis indica will be placed on the list of drugs controlled by that Act and that the Governors of the various States be advised of the fact that the drug is being used for smoking purposes, with the suggestion that they cause legislation to be enacted prohibiting the sale of, or having possession of, Cannabis indica in bulk or in package form within their respective States and permitting the sale of the extract only upon a physician’s prescription.
Respectfully,
(signed) R.C.Smith
Assistant.
Report of Investigation in the State of Texas, particularly along the Mexican Border, of the traffic in, and consumption of the drug generally known as "Indian Hemp", or Cannabis indica, known in Mexico and States bordering on the Rio Grande River as “Marihuana; sometimes also referred to as “Rosa Maria”, or “Juanita”.
By R. F. Smith
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Objects of Investigation.
(1) To obtain as much information as possible as to the source and supply of the drug, and the manner in which it is grown, cultivated, and harvested.
(2) To secure all information possible relative to the use of Marihuana for Medical purposes. [Yeah, right!]
(3) To corroborate the information previously received by the Department that the drug when used otherwise than in the preparation of medicine is injurious to the people of the United States, and to secure additional information along the same line. [Note the great objectivity here. It appears that the final results of the report were already preordained (aka Junk Science at its best)]
(4) To observe whether or not Treasury Decision No. 35717, which was put in force on September 25, 1915, is having the effect of prohibiting the use of the drug for purposes other than in the preparation of medicine.
(5) To investigate sales of Cannabis indica, or Indian hemp, in package form by druggists, and to determine whether or not the drug, so sold, is being used in the preparation of medicine. [As will be shown, this statement is an out and out lie]
In carrying on this investigation the following cities and towns in the State of Texas were visited:
| San Antonio | Del Rio | Brownsville |
| Laredo | Eagle Pass | Houston |
| El Paso | Flolresville | Galveston |
| Ysletta | Luling |
A few drug stores were also visited in St. Louis, Mo.
In cities that were customs ports of entry, such as San Antonio and all the border towns visited, the customs officials and the guards employed at the international bridges were questioned regarding importations and smuggling of Marihuana.
In each town visited in the Mexican districts large importing houses and small stores dealing in Mexican products, especially Mexican medicinal herbs, were inspected to ascertain whether or not Marihuana was being handled.
Statements, either verbal or written, regarding the baneful effects from smoking the drug were taken from Government officials, druggists, and physicians of prominence who had had experience with the drug either in this country or in Mexico.
Finally, what is regarded as perhaps the most important phase of this investigation, a large number of drug stores were inspected to ascertain whether or not they were selling Indian hemp or Cannabis indica or the counter in ounce packages to consumers in the original packages and for smoking purposes. Much of the detail of this report consists of statements of druggists in regard to their traffic in this drug.
The following is an English translation of a definition given in the Mexican Pharmacopoeia:
“Marihuana, Rosa Maria, (Cannabis indica, L.), Cannabineas; Chanvre indien, France; Hemp, Eng.In Victor Robinson’s “An Essay on Hasheesh” the author states:
"Where found: In the mountains of Thalpam and other parts of the Republic.
"Physical Composition: Leaves palmately divided, dentated, color dark green, odor strong, taste bitter and acrid.
"Chemical composition: According to Schlesinger it contains a bitter substance, chlorophyll, and green resin (Cannabin) coloring matter, gummy extract, extractives albumen, woody fiber and salts.
“According to Personne the active principle of Marihuana is an essential oil formed by the mixture of two carbohydrates, a liquid called cannabin and another solid which is a hydrate of cannabin. The resin of Marihuana is not used in Mexico.
“cannabis is an annual herb and thus endures but one year. Sexually, hemp is dioecious, which means that its staminate and pistillate organs are not on the same plant. When cultivated for its narcotic properties only the flowering tops of the unfertilized female plants are used, and the male plants are eradicated with great care, as it is claimed that a single one can spoil an entire field.Unfortunately for a comparison of the characteristics in growth of the foreign Cannabis with the Mexican Marihuana, this investigation was made at a time when Marihuana was not in existence. It is an annual herb
“Cannabis is from 4 to 12 feet in height; its stem is angular, branching, and covered with matted hairs; its leaves are palmate and therefore roughly resemble an open hand; its leaflets are lance-shaped, possessing margins dentated with saw-like teeth; its flowers are yellow and axillary, the male cluster being a raceme and therefore pedicelled, and the female a spike and consequently sessile or stemless; the five male organs or stamens contain pendulous, double-celled sacs or anthers; the two female organs or pistils have glandular stigmas, the stigma being the spot where fertilization occurs; the fruit is a gray nut, or achene, each containing a single oily seed; the whole plant is covered with a scarcely visible down; the roughness of the leaves and stem is due to the silica, which is a characteristic of the plants of the Moraceae.”
In the border States, and especially Texas, in the vicinity of San Antonio, there is considerable Marihuana grown. One woman alone, it is learned, has under cultivation one-half an acre of the plant every year. It grows from 3 to 6 feet in height. From one seed planted of Marihuana several pounds of the flowering tops are said to be harvested. [without comment] In San Antonio reference is commonly made to the male and female plants, the male plant being known In Spanish as “El Macho” and the female plant as “La Hembra.” The flowering tops are called “La Mota.” While the information received regarding the growth of this plant was to a great extent contradictory, the general understanding was that “La Mota,” or flowering tops, did not always appear on all plants. Opinion were divided as to whether they grew on the male or female variety. Where no flowering tops appeared the plant, as a rule, grew very high.
In each town visited it was endeavored to locate some of these plants but without very much success, owing to the fact that they were
(2) Marihuana for medicinal purposes:
The use of Marihuana for medicinal purposes is extremely rare* and what little is used, for such purpose is practically confined to Mexicans of low birth.** It is claimed that it is used for the following:
(a) Child Birth: It was learned that it is customary in Mexico among Mexicans of the poorer class to give Marihuana in the form of a tea to women at the of child, a small amount of the drug, about a tablespoonful, being steeped in a cup of boiling water. This is strained and drunk. This performance is enacted twice a day, morning and night, for a period of one month previous to the time for delivery of the child. It apparently serves as an anesthetic and the woman is therefore under the influence of Marihuana for the entire period of one month. One druggist stated that he used to sell in Mexico a small amount of the following herbs, which were mixed together and a tea made from them for use previous to child birth: Culantrillo de Mexico (Maiden hair of Mexico), Romero (Rosemary Leaves), Alusema (Lavender Leaves), and Marihuana.
* Extremely rare my foot. If it has so few medical uses than why were there literally thousands of Cannabis medicines being sold in American Drug stores at the time? - www.AntiqueCannabisBook.com - documents this fact.
** We belive this boy means trailer trash
It was learned at the Rio Grande Pharmacy of El Paso that they used to keep hemp seeds (Marihuana seeds) for planting and that sometimes people asked for them to be used in making an emulsion to cure gonorrhea, The method of preparation, the druggist at this store stated, was as follows:
“Mash up 4 ounces of the seeds; mix with a quart of water; sweeten to taste; one-third portion of this emulsion to be taken three times a day.(c) Asthma: Several druggist stated that possibly, once in a great while, some physician might prescribe Cannabis in connection with other herbs to be smoked for asthmatic troubles.
(3) Marihuana injurious to health:
The information previously obtained by the Department relative to the use of Marihuana for smoking purposes, its resulting injurious effects upon the user, and the danger to which peaceful citizens are subjected by coming in contact with “Marihuana fiends,” was secured from various Government officials in the city of El Paso through the efforts of Mr. Stanley Good, Jr., who was at that time deputy sheriff of El Paso county. Mr. Good was interviewed on many occasions, as wee as many of the officials as could be located who had given Mr. Good the information which he submitted to the Department in 1915. The latter readily reiterated their statements which they had previously
(4) Treasury Decision 35719, dated September 25, 1915:
Section 11 of the Food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906, among other things, prohibits the importation into the United States of any food and drug product which is dangerous to the health of the people of this country, or is of a kind forbidden entry into, or forbidden to be sold or restricted in sale in the country in which it is made or from which it is exported.
On September 25. 1915, upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture the Secretary of the Treasury issued the following decision:
T.D. 35719 - Drugs, dried flowering tops, pistillate plants of Cannabis sativa, linne, importation thereof denied, if intended for other than medicinal purposes (Sec. 11, Food and Drugs Act of 1906).The customs authorities at El Paso, Eagle Pass, San Antonio, Del Rio, and Brownsville, Texas, declared that subsequent to September 25, 1915, when Treasury Decision 35719 went into effect they have had no importations under the name of Indian Hemp, Cannabis indica, Marihuana, or Juanita, at their respective ports. These same customs officials were of the opinion that there were few, if any, importations of the drug previous to the decision in question.
Treasury Department,
September 25. 1915.
“To collectors and other officials of the customs, the Secretary of Agriculture advises the Department, under date of the 20th instant, that some importations of the drug known as the ‘dried flowering tops of the pistillate plants
-8- of Cannabis sativa linne are being used for purposes other than in the preparation of medicines, and that, unless used in medical preparations this drug is believe to be injurious to health.
“He, therefore, recommends that appropriate instructions be issued to customs officials pursuant to the provisions of Section 11 of the Food and Drugs Act approved June 30, 1906, to refuse admission to the said drug unless it is to be used for medicinal purposes.
“collectors of customs are, therefore, directed to refuse delivery of all consignments of the said drug upon notice from a representative of the Department of Agriculture of the identification thereof in the course of his examination of samples under the provisions of the Food and Drugs Act, unless the importer shall first execute a penal bond conditional that the drug referred to will not be sold or otherwise disposed of for any purpose other than in the preparation of medicines. The penalty of the bond shall be in the amount described in the said Section 11 for the redelivery of food and drug products, namely, the full invoice value, together with the duty accruing on the drug in question.
(sgd) Andrew J. Peters,
Assistant Secretary.”
From time to time quantities of Marihuana in bulk and in form of cigarettes have been seized by various customs guards stationed at international bridges at the border towns.
Any substantial amount of Marihuana to be imported from Mexico into the United States, either previous or subsequent to the date of issue of the afore-mentioned Treasury decision, would in all probability
In Brownsville, Del Rio, and Eagle Pass, three important border points, not only was Marihuana not on sale but as far as could be learned few, if any, of the Mexican residents of these towns were addicted to its use.
Ell Paso in the past has been a hot-bed of "Marihuana fiends.” Ciuidad Juarez, across the river from El Paso has always been an important military point for the Mexican armies and as the weed is commonly used among the old Mexican soldiers it is possible that El Paso became infected from that source. On June 24, 1914, the city of El Paso passed an ordinance prohibiting the sale, barter, exchange, giving away or having in possession any Marihuana or Indian hemp within the corporate limits of the city. The court at the outset imposed $50 fines or three months in jail upon each and every offender and has consistently held to this sentence. This has had the good effect of prohibiting traffic in the drug and reducing the number of “Marihuana fiends” in the locality.
The establishment of J. Armengol was visited. At the time of the visit Mr. Armengol was out of town. On interviewing his clerk it was learned that they had some Marihuana on hand. The clerk, however, being suspicious refused to allow an inspection of the books, stating that as he was only an employee he would not care to take the responsibility upon himself to show any one the firm’s books in the absence of Mr. Armengol. On inspection of the warehouse three sacks of Marihuana, amounting in all to about 75 pounds, were found. The matter was reported to the Collector of Customs at Laredo and a warrant was obtained from the court to search the premises and inspect the firm’s books. When an inspection was made under the authority of the warrant it was found that Mr. Armengol had returned. A list of shipments were then taken off from his books, but it was impossible to locate any invoice showing when and where the Marihuana was purchased. Mr. Armengol, as was surmised would be the case, produced an old invoice dated October 24, 1913 (Exhibit H), stating that it was for the last Marihuana he had imported, of which the three sacks in his warehouse were a part.
Mr. Pizzaini and Mr. Domingo Fernandez, another grocer of San Antonio, have been actively engaged in supplying Marihuana to customers all over the United States, it being shipped sometimes by mail and sometimes by express. The latter of these grocers advertises Marihuana in “El Imparcial de Texas,” a Spanish newspaper having a large circulation among Mexicans scattered throughout the United States. He has been handling it for a comparatively short period, but since he started advertising has received quite a demand for it. Mr. Pizzini issues a price list which is sent out to customers in which Marihuana is quoted. He has been engaged in selling Marihuana for a number of years, but stated that he will sell no more.
A visit was paid to I.D. Flores, of Floresville, Texas, one of the customers to whom Francisco Pizzini and J. Armengol were supplying Marihuana. Mr. Flores was conducting a drug store and making a specialty of the mail order business. He was supplying marihuana by
There are attached to this report two original invoices (Exhibits A and B) from J. armengol and the Mexican Products Co., Laredo, Texas, to Domingo Fernandez, San Antonio, Texas, which will show that Marihuana, presumably imported from Mexico, is not being sold by these Laredo firms to be used in preparation of medicine. There are also attached an advertisement of Domingo Fernandez, clipped from “El Imparcial de Texas” (Exhibit C) and price lists of J. Armengol, Cenobio Garcia and Francisco Pizzini (Exhibits D, E, and f), which would tend to show further that Treasury Decision No. 35719 is proving ineffective.
Under the following heading there is given further evidence tending to show that Treasury Decision No. 35719 is proving ineffective, in view of the fact that manufacturing drug houses in the United States are putting on the market foreign Indica Hemp or Cannabis indica in bulk or in package form, which is being sold by the retail druggist solely for smoking purposes and is not being used in the preparation of medicine as required by the said Treasury Decision.
It Is considered that the most important information obtained during the investigation was secured from drug stories. It developed that foreign Cannabis in package form was being sold over the counter in original ounce packages by drug stores in many parts of the United States. Also, both the foreign and domestic article are being sold to some extent in bulk form. This practice is by no means recent and probably has been going on for a number of years.
The sale of the drug is not confined to Mexicans. American soldiers, negroes, prostitutes, pimps, and a criminal class of whites in general are numbered among the users of this weed.
In El Paso the city ordinance has put a stop to the sale of this product, but the demand there still continues. A large number of drug stores in that city were visited and from most of them it was learned that now and then they would have a call for Marihuana in package form and that the demand was from Mexicans only. There appears to be no call for the product in el Paso from that class of low-down whites addicted to the use of narcotics in view of the fact that they are experiencing little or no difficulty in obtaining all the opium, morphine, and cocaine they desire, these drugs being exported to Juarez just across the Rio Grande river where they are freely dispensed to all comers.
Owing to the fact that one or two druggists in the Mexican districts of El Paso and San Antonio, Texas, had stated to me that occasionally American soldiers come into their stores and asked for Cannabis indica in package form, special attempts were made to prove the truth of falsity of such statements.
At Camp Cotton, in El Paso, Texas, practically every officer of the 16th Infantry, from the Colonel down, was interviewed, also some of the 1st sergeants and men. This Infantry regiment was a part of General Pershing’s expedition into Mexico, and it was rumored that some of these men had learned to smoke Marihuana while in Mexico. No information could be obtained from the above source that would tend to substantiate the statement made by druggists that Cannabis indica was being smoked by soldiers.
If the habit of smoking Marihuana had gotten among the soldiers to any extent, it would certainly seem that some of the officers should be cognizant of the fact, which I found not to be the case.
The demand for the drug in San Antonio seems to be mostly from Mexicans; in Houston and Galveston from prostitutes, pimps, negroes, and lower class of whites in general.
This investigation could not be prolonged indefinitely. If time could be spared it is believed that startling information regarding the consumption of the “ounce package” could be obtained in some of the larger cities of the United States. Before the war the ounce package sold for 10 to 15 cents. * The same package sells now from 30 to 40 cents.
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During the First World War (for reasons unknown), England cut off our easy access to imported Cannabis Indica from Hindustan. Thus America was forced to turn to its own domestically grown Cannabis Americana for its medical . . more (Note Off Page Link) |
Allaire, Woodward & co., Peoria, Illinois.It is believed that an investigation on the part of the Bureau of these above-mentioned drug house will show that Cannabis indica in the form of the herb is being sold in drug stores in all parts of the country, either in package form or in bulk. Information obtained from druggists shows that physicians never prescribe Cannabis in the form of the herb, nor do the druggists use it in the preparation of medicine, it being sold either in the ounce package or in bulk solely for smoking purposes. It would seem that Allaire, Woodward & co., Parke, Davis & Co., and other houses putting up this product for sale to consumers by retail drug stores, are violating the provision of Treasury Decision 35719, if, as required by the decision, they have filed a bond that the drug will not be disposed of other than in the preparation of medicine. It is suggested that the proper District Chiefs be instructed to cause an investigation to be made to ascertain how much of the herb of Cannabis indica, either in bulk or in package form, has been sold by leading drug manufacturing concerns during the past few years.
Parke, Davis & co., Detroit, Michigan.
Murray & Mickell, chicago, Illinois.
Lehn & ‘Fink, New York City.
Moyer Brothers Drug Co., St. Louis, Missouri
The following is a report in detail of my investigation:
Various Towns in the State of Texas,
in regard to Marihuana.
By R.F. Smith
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SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
2/5/17 Colonel F.A. Chapa.
The inspection work was begun by interviewing Colonel F.A. Cahpa, a Mexican by birth, born in San Antonio, and at present a member of the Governor’s Staff of the State of Texas. Colonel chapa conducts a retail drug store in San Antonio, catering exclusively to Mexican trade. He stated in substance as follows:
“I buy 10 pounds of marihuana at a time in bulk and sell it out in 5 and 10 cent packages to any one who wants it. My sales average two or three a day. There is no question but that it is purchased for smoking purposes. I have calls for it practically from Mexicans only, although in the last few months I have noticed several American negroes and whites of the lower class are beginning to call for it. They generally ask for Park Davis’ Indian hemp, which I do not keep. Although I sell this article to supply the demand of my customers I believe that the Government should pass a law of some sort to prohibit its sale. The last marihuana that I bought I obtained from Francisco Pizzini, who is the largest dealer in Marihuana in San Antonio.
“It is a curious thing that even the confirmed ‘marihuana fiend’ is ashamed to admit the fact that he is addicted to the drug. If a person comes to my store and asks for Marihuana without ‘beating around the bush’ I give it to him without any question. Most of them, however, state that
“Marihuana smoking, although prohibited by the Mexican government, is common among the soldiers in the Mexican army. Continued smoking of Marihuana produces imbecility. In Mexico a ‘Marihuana fiend’ is ostracized from all society. No one will have anything to do with him or trust him. He is absolutely unreliable and irresponsible.
“I have heard that in Mexico Marihuana is sometimes given in the form of tea to Mexican women of the poor and ignorant class at the time of child birth, acting as an anesthetic.”
Dr. Lopez is a member of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States and a member of the State Board of Medical Examiners for the State of Texas. From 1879 to 1905 he was a doctor in the military hospital in Mexico City and 10 years as director of the General Hospital in Mexico City, a hospital containing as high as 1000 patients. He states in substance as follows:
“’Marijuana’ is used in Mexico solely for smoking purposes, it never being taken internally as a medicine. In very rare instances it might be prescribed to be mixed with tobacco in cigarettes for asthma. Smoking of 'Marijuana' causes dreams. If the dreams happen to be pleasant the smoker will be in a pleasant frame of mind; he will say all sorts of foolish pleasant things. But if the dreams happen to be the opposite he will become very dangerous and will have an inclination to fight most anyone with whom he may come in contact. It is then time to have him put in the ‘Calaboose.’
“Smoking Marijuana' causes hallucinations of both eye and ear, and the person under the influence of the drug become s actually crazy and irresponsible for the time being. The next day after smoking the victim appears to be all right. Continued use of the drug, however, causes the body to wear away as is the case with other drug fiends.
"Although smoking 'Marijuana’ is prohibited in the Mexican Army the Government is unable to stamp it out. It is also impossible to stamp out the growing of this weed as it is wile and grows everywhere.
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(Statement of Dr. Lopez continued)
“’Marijuana’ or Cannabis indica in the herb form is never found on sale in drug stores in Mexico. It is absolutely worthless as a medicine, with the exception that it is sometimes, although very rarely, used in cigarettes for asthlna. A law should certainly be enacted to prohibit the use of 'Marijuana' in this country. We have such a law in Mexico.”
San Antonio, Texas.
CANNABIS INDICA AS A NOXIOUS PLANT
(EL Impercial de Texas, March 15, 1917)
Translated by B.R. Jacobs
It is known that medical science supplies itself with a, large part of its medicines from plants, but among these substances which bring so much benefit to humanity there exists some which serve for good as well as producing evil, depending on the use to which they are put. This double roll is characteristic of cannabis indica, known also in Spanish, as “Rose Maria”, in India, as chambr”, and in England as "hemp", its technical named being "cannabis indica." This plant contains bitter and resinous substances, chlorophyl, coloring matter, gummy extracts, proteids, cellulose and salts, its active principle being an essential oil, formed by the mixture of two hydroearhons, one a liquid called cannabene, the other a solid which is a hydrid of cannabene, these substances being of great use in medicine are also used in some industries.
But this same plant is terribly noxious when used as a narcotic, from which a dangerous vice is acquired by those who make a bad use of it, as happens, among the lower classes in Mexico, who inhale it in the same manner as tobacco is used.
The men who smoke this herb become excited to such an extent that they go through periods of real frenzy, and,
In the South of the United states this menacing evil has begun to appear, especially in the army and among the negroes, and as it is not necessary to stra1n ones imagination to understand the lamentable consequences of the illegitimate use of cannabis, indica, we call the attention of the authorities to this matter in order that they may uproot this malicious vice in its incipiency as it is growing even in the army among members of distinguished families and also as it is happening in Mexico among young men of good society; this, of course, ls doubly lamentable.
In the United States there is in existence a law prohibiting the importation of poisonous herbs but this is not enough to accomplish the object. Cannabis indica, the sale of which is not prohibited without a prescription, is being grown abundantly, and it is easy for those who desire such exciting pleasure to provide themselves with it.
A decision must, therefore, be made in this matter aside from the penalties and other punishments which may be judged as, efficacious to restrain such a grave evil, end it should be attacked immediately at the beginning of its dismal appearance.
This party conducts a general grocery store catering to Mexican trade entirely. He also deals in Marihuana, making sales all over the United States. He advertises the drug in a San Antonio Spanish paper. From his records it was ascertained that on, January 29, 1917, he purchased from J. Armengo, Laredo , Texas, 20 pounds of Marihuana. As this man keeps no books and does not preserve his sales invoices, it was impossible to obtain any accurate records of his sales of the drug Some of the lute invoices that he had not destroyed showed sales as follows:
| 1/16/17 | Jose Trevino | Maud, Oklahoma | 1 lbs. | $1.00 (mail order) |
| 2/5/17 | Guadalupe Lopez |
Extra Camp Rock Island, Oklahoma |
1/2 lbs. | $0.50 |
| 2/5/17 | Raymundo Alvarez | Wellsville, Penn. | 1 lb. | $1.00 |
| 1/12/17 | Reyes Corrales | Carson, Texas | 1 lb. | $1.00 |
| 1/10/17 | Santiago Chavez | Douglas, Arizona | 1 lb. | $1.00 |
| 1/08/17 | Leon Clemente | Diamondville, Wyo. | 1 lb. | $1.00 |
| 12/26/16 | Jose Baracus | Chandler, Arizona | 1 lb. | $1.00 |
The above dealer sells at retail in his store a considerable amount, of Marihuana in 5 and 10 cent lots. At the time of the inspection an American negro came in and bought 10 cents worth. He stated that he wanted it for his mother who was sick.
On a return trip to San Antonio it was found that Domingo Fernandez had purchased 15 lbs. of Marihuana at $0.65 a Pound from the Mexican Products Co., of Laredo Texas, a concern that upon investigation was found to have been in business but three months. This shipment was made to Domingo Fernandez by express. Purchase was made to fill pending orders as follows:
| Juan Reyes | Cheriden, Wyoming | 1lbs. | $1.25 |
| Anastacio Valensuela | Phoenix, Ariz | 2 lb. | $2.50 |
| Manuel Ortez | Old Bridge, N.J. | 1 lb. | $1.25 |
| Jose Esparga | Spokane, Washington | 1 lb. | $1.25 |
| Raymundo Alvarez | Wesleyville, Penn. | 1 lb. | $1.25 |
| Nathan Hudson | Phoenix, Ariz. | 1 lb. | $1.25 |
The above dealer is engaged in the sale of groceries and Mexican products in general, catering practically exclusively to Mexicans. He is the largest dealer in Marihuana in San Antonio and ships by mail and express to various parts of the United States. The following is a list of shipments made since January 1, 1916:
| 4/18/16 | Luz Dios | Luling, Texas | 2 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.80 |
| 5/28/16 | Luz Dios | Luling, Texas | 5 lbs. | $0.40 | $2.00 |
| 6/26/16 | Cornelio Granado | Wichita, Kansas | 2 lbs. | $0.50 | $1.00 |
| 7/8/16 | Cornelio Granado | Wichita, Kansas | 10 lbs. | $0.50 | $5.00 |
| 7/18/16 | C. F. Flores | Floresville, Tex | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 7/18/16 | M. Alvaraz | Waco, Texas (peddler) | 2 lbs. | $0.45 | $0.90 |
| 8/1/16 | Albert Mesa | Stockdale, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 8/18/16 | Albert Mesa | Stockdale, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 8/22/16 | A. Fernandez | Clifton, Arizona | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 8/28/16 | David Escarndon | Seguin, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.50 | $0.50 |
| 8/31/16 | E. Giterriz | Charlotte, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 9/12/16 | D. Escandon | Seguin, Texas | 2 lbs. | $0.45 | $0.90 |
| 9/19/16 | Lus Dios | Luling, Texas | 10 lbs. | $0.40 | $4.00 |
| 9/22/16 | Luisa La Rosa | Floresville, Texas | 0.5 lbs | $0.50 | $0.25 |
| 9/26/16 | C.P. Flores | Martindale, Texas | 2 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.80 |
| 9/26/16 | E. Gutierrez | Charlette, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 10/5/16 | P. Rodriguez | Hutchinson, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 10/11/16 | E. Gutierrez | Charlette, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.40 |
| 11/15/16 | Jose Monsivas | Edmund, Oklahoma | 2.5 lbs. | $0.40 | $1.00 |
| 8/23/16 | Puente & sons | San Antonio, Texas | 5 lbs. | $0.40 | $2.00 |
| 12/13/16 | P. Rodriguez | Hutchinson, Kansas | 2 lbs. | $0.40 | $0.80 |
| 12/15/16 | Cornelio Granado | Wichita, Kansas | 5 lbs. | $0.40 | $2.00 |
| 12/15/16 | H. Nassani | Lockhardt, Texas | 3 lbs. | $0.40 | $1.20 |
| 1/8/17 | Cornelio Granado | Wichita, Kansas | 6 lbs. | $0.40 | $2.40 |
| 1/9/17 | F.A. Chapa | San Antonio, Texas | 10 lbs. | $0.50 | $5.00 |
In addition to the sales given above, this dealer stated that he makes about two 5 cent sales a day on the average for local consumption.
Francisco Pizzini, as well as Domingo Fernandez, informed me that the people to whom they shipped Marihuana were Mexicans conducting small stores of' some kind.
This drug at store is conducted by R. Cohn & Co., is located in the Mexican quarter of town, and caters to Mexican trade exclusively. It was with difficulty that information was obtained from this company. In the back part of the store 100 small packages of Marihuana of the local variety were found, which they said sold for 5 cents a package. They had marked these package "poison." They said they purchased Marihuana right in San Antonio from peddlers who bring it around and that there were always enough people here to supply all of their needs in small lots, but that they did not know their names and would not know the people again if they saw them. Mr. Cohn said that they sell on the average about two packages a day and that they put in a supply of Marihuana about two or three times a year, buying anywhere from 5 to 20 pounds at a time. One sack or Marihuana was on hand but they could not, state from whom they had purchased it.
2/6/17 San Antonio Drug Co. Wholesale Druggists
Mr. Flach of this firm stated that on November 2, 1916, they purchased 5 pounds of the herb in package form from Murray & Nickell of' Chicago, and that since that date they have made no further purchases of the drug. In 1912 they purchased from R.A. Brener, Monterey, Mexico, about $100 worth of loose Marihuana.
2/8/17 Union Pharmacy, San Antonio
The druggist at this pharmacy stated that they do not keep either the loose Marihuana or the herb in ounce packages, that they have never had any call for it, and that furthermore, it is a product never prescribed by physician and of no use to a druggist in preparing medicine. He was of the opinion that the Government should pass a law prohibiting its sale in the in the form of the herb.
The druggist stated in substance as follows:
“We do not use the herb either loose or in package form. It is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine and a physician never prescribes it. We never have any call for it.”
2/8/17 20th Century Drug Co., San Antonio.
The druggist at the above place stated in substance as follows:
“We do not handle Indian hemp or ‘Marihuana’ in the form of herb, but only in the form of fluid or dry extract. A druggist would probably never have any occasion to use the herb. Of Course he might use the herb to make his tincture, but in all probability he would buy the fluid extract and make his tincture from it.”
2/8/17 Burns Drug Store
The druggist said they never used Cannabis indica except in the form of dry or fluid extract.
2/8/17 Talifierro Drug Co.
The druggist at the above place stated in substance as follows:
"As far as I know we have never had a call for the drug in ounce packages. We use the fluid extract and would not have any use for the herb. A doctor would never prescribe it.”
3/6/17 Evergreen Drug Store, San Antonio
Mr. R. T. Jonas, proprietor of above drug store stated in substance as follows:
I have been in charge of this store for three years and during that time I have never known a doctor to prescribe Cannabis indica in herb form, or what is known as ‘Marihuana.’ It is a product, that should be taken off from the market if it is being used for smoking purposes, as it is of no use to a druggist in the promotion of medicines.”
Mr. Sam B. Livingston proprietor of' this store, stated in substance as follows:
“I have been located here for 13 years, during which time we have never used any Cannabis indica in the herb form. It is a product which the doctors never prescribe and is of no use to the druggist in the preparation of medicine. We buy our Cannabis indica in the form of a dry or fluid extract. The ounce package should certainly be taken off from the market and some legislation put through to prohibit the use of it.
“I was formerly a druggist in St. Louis. We had a little Marihuana in bulk there, probably not more than a quarter of a pound.”
5/6/17 J. R. Gallagher's Drug Store, San Antonio
Mr. Gallagher said that he had not sold any of the herb for several years. He had five one ounce packages on hand which were put up by Meyer Bros. Drug Co. of' St. Louis. These were old and musty end had practically been destroyed by bugs. Mr. Gallagher stated in substance as follows:
“I have heard of Marihuana and its effects when smoked, but have never heard that the product put out in ounce packages was put to such use. I am in favor of a law controlling the use of Cannabis indica. The drug in the form of an herb is never prescribed by physicians nor is it ever used by druggists in preparation of medicine. If it is being used for smoking purposes its use should be prohibited by law.
3/7/17 C. E. Fritsche, San Antonio
Mr. Fritsche stated in substance as follows:
“I have never used the herb in package form. About a year ago I bought one pound of bulk herb from Lehn &. Fink to supply the wants of' a negro who told me that he used it for Smoking. The herb is never prescribed by physicians and is of no use to a druggist in making up medicines. It should be taken off from and placed on the narcotic list.”
This drug store had on hand a small amount of Cannabis indica in the form of loose herbs. Mr. Serger stated in substance as follows: "We obtained this from Lehn & Fink of St. Louis about three years ago. It was bought to supply the demands of an American negro who stated that he would be a regular customer if we kept it in stock. This negro informed me that he wanted it for smoking purposes. I also had one Mexican customer who purchased it regularly for a while. After I learned that the effects of smoking this drug were dangerous and caused the smokes to become crazed, I decided I would, not sell anymore of it. As to the herb in package form, I have never had never handled it. I have never had any occasion to fill a prescription containing the herb, and it is an article that is of no use to a druggist in preparing medicine. I am strongly in favor of the Government passing some law to control the sale of Cannabis indica in all of its forms.”
3/7/17 Schaefer Drug Company; San Antonio
Mr. W.D. Roberts of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“I have been with this drug company for two and a half years and we have not had any Cannabis indica in the herb form during this time. It is a wasteful product put up in ounce packages. A physician never prescribes it and a druggist never uses it. I believe that the Government should put Cannabis indica on the Narcotic List.”
Mr. P. G. Lucas stated that he has been proprietor of this drug store for 20 years and that he used to have some of the, herb in stock years ago. He stated that a doctor never prescribes the herb and that it (is) of' no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. He heard of its beings smoked and the effects therefrom and said that if such was the case it should be taken off' the market and placed on the narcotic list.
3/7/17 South Park Pharmacy, San Antonio
Mr. R. P. Daniels of the above firm stated that he had never seen any Cannabis indica in the herb form, but had heard of Mexicans smoking Marihuana and of the resulting effects. When shown a package of' Parke, Davids’ Indian hemp he stated that a doctor would not prescribe, it and a druggist would have no use for it in the preparation of' medicine. He is in favor of adding Cannabis indica to the list of' drugs under the Harrison Narcotic Law.
3/7/17 Michael’s Drug Store, San Antonio
Mr. Michael stated in substance as follows:
“I have been located here for 9 years and have never used any Cannabis indica in the herb form. Doctors never prescribe it and a druggist would have no use for it in the preparation of medicine. If I want Cannabis indica I buy the extract. I was formerly a drug clerk at F. Coltair’s drug store, San Antonio and used to sell a lot of Parke Davis’ Cannabis indica. The herb is only sold for smoking purposes and the sale of the same should be prohibited by the Government.”
Mr. F.V. Alter stated in substance as follows:
“We do not sell or keep Cannabis indica in the herb form. We had a little of it a year ago but had no call for it and so we discontinued its sale. In the form of the herb it is an article that is not prescribed by doctors and it si of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. When we want Cannabis we buy the extract. The drug should be placed on the list of drugs in the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/8/17 Fischer’s Drug Store, San Antonio
Mr. J.C. Shannon of this firm stated as follows:
We bought some Cannabis indica in package form about a year ago. It was put up by Murray & Nickell co. of Chicago. We have six one-ounce packages left. We stopped selling this some time ago as we understood that there was a city ordinance against its sale. In the herb form it is an article the physician do not prescribe and is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. If we want Cannabis indica we buy the extract in the powered or liquid form. When we were selling these packages we were aware that they were being purchased for smoking purposes only. I believe that Cannabis indica should be controlled in all of its forms by the Government under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/8/17 Sommer’s Drug Store No. 1. San Antonio
This store had four packages of Marihuana in stock. Mr. C. D. Wheeler stated in substance as follows:
"I have been with this firm for over a year, during which time we have not had one call for Marihuana or Cannabis indica in the herb form. It is not an article that a physician would prescribe or that a druggist would use in the preparation of medicine. Previous to
My connection with this drug firm I was seven years at Harding & Parker’s drug store, Victoria, Texas as prescription clerk. We used to buy the loose herb in 1 and 2 pound lots from Lehn & Fink of New York and from Meyer Bros. Of St. Louis. We kept it solely to sell for smoking purposes. Some days, especially Saturdays and Sundays we would make as many as 25 or 30 sales to Mexicans. I think that the Government should place Cannabis indica in all of its forms on the list of drugs under the Harrison Narcotic Law. The Alexander Packet Store of Victoria also handled this article in bulk form. We knew this from the fact that they were underselling us. We were getting 20 cents an once and they were selling it for 10 cents an ounce. Physicians never prescribe the herb and it is of no use to druggists in preparing medicine. Sometimes, although rarely, it might be ground up and used with other ingredients, such as sage, belladonna, hemlock, or mullen, as a cure for asthma. It is a very dangerous drug and should certainly be added to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/8/17 Sommer’s Drug Store No. 2, San Antonio
Mr. A.R. Holzschuler, manager, stated in substance as follows:
“We have not had any Cannabis indica in the herb form in stock for about 1 year. The last time we bought any we purchased 4 packages. We only had calls for it from Mexicans and have not had any call for it now for some time. Physicians never prescribe it and it is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. It should be added to the list of drugs controlled under the harrison Narcotic Law.”
Mr. C.B. Wiggin of this firm stated that they do not handle any Marihuana or Cannabis indica in herb form, that physicians never prescribe it, that it is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine, and that it should be placed on the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law. Mr. Wiggin also stated that he was formerly connected with the Douglas Drug Co., of Douglas, Arizona, and that they sold a considerable amount of Marihuana. They used to get it in bulk from Lehn & Fink of New York.
3/8/17 A. Dreiss Drug Store, San Antonio
Mr. Dreiss stated in substance as follows:
“I have been in business here for 40 years and never kept the herb. Once in a great while we will have a call for it, always from Mexicans. It is an article that the physicians never prescribe and is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. I am of the opinion that it should be added to the list of drugs prohibited under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/8/17 Hidalgo Drug Store, San Antonio
Mr. Diac of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“I have never kept Cannabis indica in the ounce package form. I use the loose herb which I buy from San Antonio peddlers. I do not know their names. I pay about 40 cents a pound for it and sell it in nickel packages. I think the sale of Marihuana should be prohibited. Physicians never prescribe it and it is no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine.”
Mr. C.M. Cardenas stated in substance as follows:
“I have never handled Marihuana either in loose form or in the ounce packages. I would not sell it. I have one or two calls a month for Marihuana from Mexicans, sometimes I have calls from a low class of whites who frequent the red light district and sometimes I have calls from soldiers. Marihuana and Cannabis indica in the herb form is never prescribed by physicians and is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. If I want Cannabis indica I buy the dry or powered extract. I believe that it should be added to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison narcotic Law.”
3/8/17 Meier’s Pharmacy, San Antonio
Mr. E.J.H. Meier, proprietor of this firm stated as follows:
“I have not purchased any Cannabis indica in the herb form in the one-ounce package from 3 years. I brought 1 or 2 pounds of the herb in bulk form from the San Antonio Drug Company about a year ago, but sold it mostly to druggists. Once or twice a week I have calls from Mexicans for Marihuana.”
2/10/17 Dr. Francisco de Ganseca, Laredo, Texas
Dr. Francisco de Ganseca was graduated in 1900 from the National School of Medicine of Mexico City, after which he practised his profession for 12 years in Mexico, later studying abroad in the countries of France, Germany, and Belgium. He states in substance as follows:
“The use of ‘Marijuana’ should be prohibited in the United States as has been done in Mexico. The effects from smoking the drug are terrible. It causes a dryness of the mouth and throat. It makes the victims imagine they see and hear things, they often imagining that people are making faces at them. Madness is the final result. Sometimes the sensations felt in the ears and eyes are horrible and drive them to commit some crime. In fact I knew of a case in Mexico where a soldier under the influence of the drug shot down one of his comrades. He was sentenced to be hanged immediately in the Military Hospital at Monterey, where the killing had taken place. Instead of shrinking from the death penalty he was laughing and happy because he had succeeded in killing the man.
“On recovery from the effects of the drug the victims remember nothing of what happened while they were under its influence. The after effects are similar to those of belladonna. The victims have no appetite, and liable to have diarrhoea(sic), and their gums may become painful and swollen and sores may appear in their mouths.
“The drug in the form of the herb is never prescribed by physicians and is a product never used by a druggist in the preparation of medicine. It is worse than opium as it not only destroys the life of the person who smokes it, but it causes him to take the lives of others. Continued use of the drug slowly wears the body away.”
Dr. Garza states in substance as follows:
“I have practiced medicine for 35 years, four years of which time was spent as a doctor in the Mexican army. The only way in which I know that ‘Marijuana’ is ever used in medicine in the form of the herb is as a stimulant for the matrix to produce the menstrual flow, given in the form of a tea. Sometimes the husband may give it to his wife to smoke at the time of child birth to enable here to withstand the pain better. It is only so used by the lower class of Mexicans.
“The Government should absolutely prohibit the use of ‘Marijuana’ in the United States. Its use is prohibited in Mexico.
“Smoking of ‘Marijuana’ produces hallucinations. A person under its influence may see a friend and imagine that he is an enemy and kill him. The Worst effects begin in about four hours after the person has been smoking.”
All large importing houses, drug stores, and numerous small grocery stores were inspected in this town in search of Marihuana with the following results:
J. Armangol, Laredo
Three sacks full of Marihuana (about 75 pounds) were found in this man’s warehouse. At the time of inspection Mr. Armengol was absent from town and the clerk in charged refused to allow inspection of the records, but sent a messenger for Mr. Armengol. In the meantime the matter was reported to the Collectors of Customs at Laredo and a warrant was obtained from the court to search the premises and examine the books. Upon returning to the establishment it was found that Mr. Armengo had arrived. He showed an invoice dated October 14, 1913, which he stated was for the Marihuana that he had on stock in the warehouse. This invoice was made out as covering medicinal herbs. Examination of his invoices showed the following sales since January 1, 1916:
| Jan. 3, 1916 | I.D. Flores | Floresville | 5 lbs. | $2.50 |
| July 6, 1916 | Wm. Kieke | Albuquerque, N.M. | 1 lbs. | $0.50 |
| July 25, 1916 | J.M. Valdez | San Diego, Texas | 5 lbs. | $2.50 |
| July 27, 1916 | N. Saldana | Kingsville, Texas | 2 lbs. | $1.00 |
| Nov. 6, 1916 | I.D. Flores | Floresville, Texas | 5 lbs. | $2.50 |
| Nov. 8, 1916 | I.D. Flores | Floresville, Texas | 0.5 lbs. | $0.25 |
| Nov. 13, 1916 | L.S. Alexander | Victoria, Texas | 5 lbs. | $2.50 |
| Nov. 15, 1916 | Pedro Moreno | Solidad, Texas | 2 lbs. | $1.00 |
| Nov. 29, 1916 | R.S. Garza | McAllen, Texas | 0.5 lbs. | $0.25 |
| Nov. 29, 1916 | Mariano Garcia | Beaumont, Texas | 2 lbs. | $1.00 |
| Jan. 18, 1917 | I.D. Flores | Floresville, Texas | 10 lbs. | $5.00 |
| Jan. 10, 1917 | L.S. Alexander | Victoria, Texas | 5.00 lbs. | $2.50 |
| Jan. 30, 1917 | Domingo Fernandez | San Antonia | 10 lbs. | $10.00 |
This man formerly made a specialty of Marihuana and other medicinal herbs, importing the same from Mexico. He has since apparently given up the business. Inspection of his store failed to reveal any Marihuana on hand. Examination of his books showed but two sales for 1916 as follows:
| Daily Drug Co. | Kansas City | 2.5 lbs. | $1.00 |
| Jose Arredondo | Bracketsville, Texas | 1 lbs. | $0.40 |
2/17/17 Cenobio Garcia, Laredo
The proprietor of this store stated that they used to have Indian hemp in package form, which was sent to them free charged by the Hillside Chemical Company, Newburg, Newburg, N.Y., but that they had never purchased any. He said they have not had any for four years. He also said that physicians never prescribe it in the form of the herb and druggists never use it in the preparation of medicine.
Herrero Pharmacy, Laredo, Texas
Inspection showed that this concern was not dealing in Marihuana. Mr. Herrero stated that once in a while he had calls for Indian hemp in package from Mexicans and from American soldiers. He said that physicians never prescribe Cannabis indica in the form of the herb, and druggists do not use it in the preparation of medicine.
A number of American officers and soldiers stationed in this town were interviewed in an effort to find out if any of the soldiers ever smoked Cannabis indica, but none of them ever heard of such a case.
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THE CITY OF EL PASO
Mr. R.F. Smith
Paso del Norte Hotel,
City
Dear Sir:
I have been employed in various capacities in the Police Department of this city for a period of nine years. In that time I have had various and many opportunities to observe the effect of Marahuana on those who use it. I will say that my experience is that any one under it’s influence is very dangerous and a menace to the community in so far as the user is very prone to start trouble, seems to be insensible to pain and shows marked bravery when confronted with real danger.
I could go into length detail but in our conversation you stated that you merely wanted my opinion as to whether or not a user of Marahuana would be considered as dangerous to those coming in contact with the user. Very truly yours,
(signed)
W, Simpson
Sergt. Of Police
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THE CITY OF EL PASO
Mr. R.F. Smith
Paso del Norte Hotel,
El Paso, Texas
Dear Sir:
I have not had any great experience with Marahuana. However while acting as a mounted man on three different occasions, I had to arrest men, whom those who claimed to know, said were under the influence of the weed marahuana. They gave me no little trouble in making the arrests and one of them I drew my pistol to protect myself from a knife which he had and he evidence absolutely no fear but luckily I was able to knock him down without the necessity of shooting him. Yours very truly,
T.G. Armstrong
Capt. Of Police
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THE CITY OF EL PASO
Mr. R.F. Smith
Paso del Norte Hotel,
El Paso, Texas
Dear Sir:
I take pleasure in writing a few lines in reference to the Marahuana dope, as I call it, for I can safely say it is a dope from the effects it has on those who use it.
I have seen many cases here on the frontier, especially among the mexicans. I have seen it used up in New Mexico and also along the border at Nogales, Arizona. I have seen more here than any place and in fact, the first I ever saw growing, was here. I can say that the effect is the same in all places. It is a powerful stuff. It is surprising the strength that a human has when under the influence and the confidence he has regardless of the class of trouble. I do hope the United States Government will do something to suppress the sale and use of the Marahuana. It certainly will prove a blessing to humanity.
I highly recommend this stuff to the Mexican Armies in Mexico, thought they are too wise to use it now as their tendency is to loot and hunt, instead of fight. Hence they endeavor to suppress it, yet the war is still on. Yours respectfully
B. J. Zabriskie
Chief of Police
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THE CITY OF EL PASO
2-24-17
Mr. Reginald F. Smith
Present
Dear Sir: - With reference to our conversation about the use of Marahuana, will state that I have had an excellent opportunity to see the effects of the use of this weed on the user’s.
In the capacity of Police Captain, I have had almost daily experience with the users of for the reason that when they are addicted to the use they become very violent, especially when they become angry and will attack an officer even if a gun is drawn on him, they seem to have no fear, I have also noted that when under the influence of this weed they have abnormal strength and that it will take several men to handle one man where under ordinary circumstances one man could handle him with ease.
Until an ordinance was passed in El Paso, making a minimum fine of $25.oo to have Marahuana in any ones possession we had a great deal of trouble, but since the passage of this ordinance the cases of violent men have become more isolated.
I am sure if the Government will do something to suppress the sale or use of this Narcotic it will not only be a great help to this Department but to the HUMAN RACE in general along the Boarder. Yours very truly;
LL Hall
Captain of Police.
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THE CITY OF EL PASO
3-12-17
Mr. R .F. Smith
C/o Gen’l Delivery
Houston, Texas.
Dear Sir:
Your request of the 9th inst. that I give you a little data relative to Marahuana reached me this morning. I could go into lengthy detail on the weed; it’s peculiarities, and it’s effect on the user but I presume that that will not be necessary, however will say that I have seen many instances during my term as Captain of Police in this city and San Antonio Texas, where crimes were committed that I am positive were due to the fact that the user was under the influence of Marahuana and not in his right mind. To sum the thing up it is very peculiar in effect in that it produces apparently a lust for-blood. The user seems insensible to pain and shows almost superhuman strength when detained or hindered from doing what ever they are attempting to do.
Yours very truly
J. E. Stowe Capt. Of Detectives.
Mr. Holzman has been employed in the, United States Customs Service for the past 16 years and has been a customs guard at the international bridge at El Paso, Texas, for 11 years. He states in substance as follows:
“I am well acquainted with ‘Marihuana fiends’ and have but to take one look into their eyes in order to tell whether or not they are under the influence of the drug. When under its influence their eyes protrude and have a glassy stare. The victims show an utter lack of responsibility and a tendency to wander about aimlessly. They are generally impudent, aggressive, and looking for trouble, but they are generally on their guard.
"I will give you an .example of one of the effects which are peculiarly characteristic of the drug. The international bridge between El Paso, Texas, and Juarez, Mexico, is under quarantine restrictions and after 7 p.m. no one is allowed to cross in either direction. One evening about 12 midnight while I was on guard at the bridge an American sentry came up to me with a Mexican in tow, who, he said, was attempting to cross the bridge. It was dark and I noticed nothing peculiar about the man and told the sentry to send him back to Juarez, which the sentry did. In a short time, however, the Mexican returned. On close inspection I noticed his eyes protruding and I knew that he was under the influence of Marihuana. I also noticed that he kept trying to get his hands under his shirt, which was partly out. I raised his shirt and saw that he had a belt of rifle cartridges. Then I ran my hand around his waist and pulled out an empty six-shooter. When I ordered him over to the guard-house he refused to go and when I reached for him he put both his hands behind his back for his gun. Being under
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2/23/17 F. & P. Commission Co., Wholesale Druggists, El Paso
The proprietors of this concern stated that they had not handled any Cannabis indica in herb form for about 2 years. They used to sell druggists 2 and 3 pounds of it at a time, in ounce packages, put out by Parke, Davis & Co. They stated that they are acting exclusively as agents for the San Antonio Drug Co. and took several orders some time ago for Cannabis indica but never filled them.
2/23/17 Kelly & Pollard, Wholesale Druggists, El Paso
Inspection of this concern showed that there was in stock 9 pounds of the herb on Cannabis indica put up by Parke, Davis & Co. in one ounce packages. On checking over the books it was found that they had made one purchase in the last 12 months, namely 5 lbs at $3.00 per pound from Parke, Davis & Co.
Mr. Pollard of this concern stated in substance as follows:
Before the City of El Paso passed the ordinance prohibiting the sale of Marihuana we used to sell about 50 pounds a year to druggists in town. Now the druggists have practically discontinued the sale of it. We have not made a sale of Cannabis indica in 4 months. We sell a little to drug stores along the Arizona border. Practically all of our trade in Cannabis Indica in the herb form commenced about three years ago, when the refugees began to come up from Mexico in large numbers. A noticeable demand sprung up from the Mexican drug stores in the lower part of the town. I believe that the difficulty in obtaining Mexican herbs at that time, on account of interior troubles in Mexico and lack of transportation facilities, causes this demand.” When asked if the retail druggist ever used the product in preparing medicine Mr. Pollard said sometimes a druggist might use it in combination with other drugs in the preparation of asthmatic powders.
Mr. E.M. Duggan of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“We have not sold any Cannabis indica in herb form since the passing of the city ordinance prohibiting its use, about two years ago. We used to sell it to Mexicans. We have calls for it now from Mexicans about once in six months. In the herb form it is never prescribed by physicians and is not used by druggists in the preparation of medicine. I was in Mexico with the Warner Drug Co. for a number of years and we sold Marihuana. It is used by the Mexicans and smoked in the form of cigarettes. It drives the person using it crazy and makes him irresponsible and absolutely fearless of any danger. Even one cigarette may cause this effect. It is an exceedingly dangerous drug and only used for smoking purposes. Its use should be prohibited by law."
2/23/17 Potter Drug Co., El Paso
Mr. W. G. Paine of thi3 concern stated in substance as follows:
“We have no Cannabis indica in the herb form on hand. I have been with this concern for 6 years and do not recollected anyone buying the herb. Doctors never prescribe the herb and it is not used by druggists in the preparation of medicines. It would be a good thing to have its sale in package form prohibited.”
2/24/17 Ruis Brothers, El Paso
The manager of this concern states in substance as follows:
"Before the City or El Paso passed an ordinance prohibiting the sale of Marihuana we used to sell about 5 or 6 packages a day of the one ounce packages put out by the Parke Davis Co. Our sales were to Mexicans and negroes. ALL
Of the el Paso drug stores in the Mexican district handled it at that time. We have no calls for it now. The herb in package form is used solely for smoking purposes and I would like to see some law passed by the United States Government prohibiting its use.
2/24/17 Botica Mexicana, El Paso
The proprietor of this drug store stated that he had only been in business two years and had never handled Cannabis indica in the herb form. He stated that its sale in herb form should be prohibited by the Government.
2/24/17 V.R. Ramirez Drug Store, El Paso
Mr. V.R. Ramirez stated in substance as follows:
“Before the city of El Paso passed the ordinance prohibiting the sale of Marihuana we used to sell 4 or 5 packages a day of Park Davis & co.’s Indian Hemp. Our sales were to Mexicans and negroes, mostly to the former. They seemed to be ashamed to ask for Marihuana and often times they would bring an empty package of Parke Davis’. We sold it then for 15 cents a package. The Mexicans once they used the package from seemed to prefer it to their native grown Marihuana, probably because it was stronger and more uniform in strength. This drug in herb form, as far as I know, is only used for smoking purposes; it is never prescribed by a physician and is not used by druggists in the preparation of medicine. I believe that the Government should enact some law to prohibit the sale of the herb of Cannabis indica either in bulk or package form.”
Mr. C. W. Coates, drug clerk with this concern stated in substance as follows:
"Before the city passed an ordinance prohibiting the sale of Marihuana we used to sell about three one-ounce packages a week. We have at present one or two calls a week from Mexicans and American soldiers. I used to be in the drug business in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The herb in package form was being smuggled into the penitentiary there, and the warden made a personal appeal to all of the druggists in the town to stop the sale of the package. Physicians never prescribe the herb and it is not used by druggist in the preparation of medicine. A law should be passed by the Government prohibiting its use. When Villa wan in possession of Juarez, Mexico, there were only about two brands of Mexican manufactured cigarettes obtainable there that did not contain some Marihuana.”
2/24/17 McLains’s Pharmacy, El Paso
Mr. McLain stated that they have been in business only two years and never kept the herb Cannabis indica in stock. He said that they used to have frequent calls for it and now have calls for it only once in a great while. He was of the opinion that a law should be passed prohibiting its sale.
2/24/17 Peoples Drug Store, El Paso
Mr W.S. Murray, manager of the above concern stated in substance as follows:
“We do not keep Cannabis indica in the herb form. We have been in business but a year and have calls for Marihuana now and then. Last week we had two calls for it from Mexicans. I believe that the Government should pass a law to prohibit the sale of Cannabis indica or control its sale under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
Mr. L.A. Woodward, proprietor of this store, stated in substance as follows:
“I have only had this store for four months, have never kept Cannabis indica in the herb form, have had no calls for it, and do not know anything about the effects obtained from smoking the same. About a year ago when I worked in the Sixth Avenue Drug Store at Tucson, Arizona, I was talking with a drug salesman one day. I do not remember what firm he was connected with, and he told me that he sold a great deal of Indian hemp all along the4 Arizona border.”
2/26/17 Falace Drug Co., El Paso
The above store was opened about three months ago. The clerk said he had had one call for Cannabis indica since that time.
2/26/17 Sun Drug Co., El Paso
The proprietor of the above store stated in substance as follows:
“I have been in business at this place for ten years and have never had any Cannabis indica in the herb form. It is a drug that the physicians never prescribe in the herb form and the druggists do not use it in the preparation of medicine. The Government should prohibit the sale of it. We have calls for it about once a month from Mexicans.”
2/26/17 Donnel’s Drug Store, El Paso
Mr. M. C. Donnel of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“I have bean in business at this place two years and never kept any Cannabis indica in the herb form. Since I have been in business I have had not more than a half dozen calls for it. Physicians never prescribe the drug in the herb form and druggists do not use it in the preparation of medicine. Its sale should be prohibited by the Government.”
Inspection of this store showed that they had 5 packages of Parke Davis’ Indian hemp on hand. C.K. Sheldon, manager, stated in substance as follows:
“Since the passing of the city ordinance prohibiting the sale of Marihuana we have not sold a package. Previous to that time we used to sell 2 or 2 packages a day. We still have calls for it every now and then. I believe that this is a very dangerous drug and should not be sold for internal use in any form. There are other medicines that can be substituted that are not as dangerous. Physicians never prescribe the herb Cannabis indica and druggist do not use it in the preparation of medicine.”
2/27/17 Botica Economical Store, El Paso
Mr. P. Ramos, proprietor of the above store stated in substance as follows:
“We have never used nor purchased Cannabis indica in the herb form. Once in a while we have a call from an American soldier. They always ask for ‘Juanita.’ Physicians never prescribe the herb and druggists never use it in the preparation of medicines. The Government should pass a law to prohibit the use of Cannabis indica in the herb form. I was a soldier in the old federal army in the regime of Fofiro Diaz. We used to shoot sometimes as many as 8 or 10 soldiers in our regiment a week when they went crazy from Marihuana. We have orders to do so.”
The propietor of this store stated in substance as follows:
“I have not kept any Cannabis indica in the herb form since the city of El Paso passed an ordinance prohibiting its sale. I have had about 20 calls from American soldiers for it since General Pershing’s return from Mexico. Sometimes they ask for Marihuana and sometimes for ‘Loco Weed’. Previous to the return of Pershing’s troops I had no calls from American soldiers. Two days ago a soldier from the 16th Infantry came into the store and asked for Marihuana. Physicians never prescribe Cannabis indica in the herb form and druggists never use it in the preparation of medicine. The Goevernment should prohibit its sale.”
2/27/17 Idea Pharmacy, El Paso
Mr. W.S. Taylor, drug clerk at this store, stated in substance as follows:
“We have just opened up this store and have no Cannabis indica in the herb form. I worked at the Scott, White Drug Store three years ago and we used to have several calls weekly for Cannabis indica in package form. After the passing of the city ordinance prohibiting the sale of Marihuana, a Mexican who had been in the habit of buying it from us came into the store to purchase a package. I refused to sell it to him, where-upon he, apparently already under its influence, drew a knife on me. I picked up a hammer to hit him with and he then walked out of the store. Physicians never prescribe Cannabis indica in the herb form and druggists do not use it in the preparation of medicine. It is only used for smoking purposes, and I believe that the Government should prohibit its sale.”
This concern has never kept any Cannabis indica in the herb form. The proprietor said that physicians never prescribe it and druggist do not use it in the preparation of medicine. He was of the opinion that the Government should prohibit not only its sale in all forms, but its cultivation as well, as Hyoscyamus could be used as a substitute.
2/27/17 Love’s Drug Store, El Paso
Mr. W.K. Kimmean, clerk in this store, stated in substance as follows:
“We have not had any Cannabis indica since the passing of the city ordinance prohibiting its use. I formerly worked in drug stores in Las Vegas, Philadelphia, and in California and New Mexico. We sold Cannabis indica in package form to Mexicans and ‘hobos.’ It would be a good thing if the Government would prohibit its sale.”
2/27/17 Central Drug Store, El Paso
The proprietor of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“We have not sold any cannabis indica in the herb form since the passing of the city ordinance prohibiting the sale of the same. We have calls for it from American soldiers two or three times a week. Previous to the return of Pershing’s soldiers from Mexico we rarely had a call for the drug from soldiers. Physicians never prescribe Cannabis indica and druggist do not use it in the preparation of medicine. Its sale should be prohibited by the Government.”
2/25/17 YSLETA, TEXAS
An investigation at Ysleta, a border town, about 15 miles from El Paso showed that there was no traffic in Marihuana. The Mexican population of the town are not addicted to its use.
3/10/17 J.N. Flores, General Store, Floresville
Mr. Flores stated in substance as follows:
“I buy Marihuana from the Houston Drug Company, Armegohl and Company, Laredo, and from Caferrilli Brothers, San Antonio. About six months ago I started a mail order business and have Marihuana listed in my catalogue. I sell locally about one sale a week. I have about 2 pounds of Marihuana in stock”.
From inquiries made it appears that the Mexican residents of the town are not of the class usually addicted to the use of the drug for smoking purposes. No information was obtained from military sources of instances where American troops stationed in the town had smoked the drug.
There are three drug stores located in the town. These were inspected and statements obtained from them regarding their knowledge of the drug are as follows:
Central Drug Co., Del Rio
Mr. L. H. Lockart of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“We have not sold any Cannabis indica in the herb form for about three years. We used to sell it in bulk form, but never handled the ounce package. Our reason for discontinuing the sale of it was owing to its high price. It was bought exclusively by Mexicans. Physicians never prescribe it in the herb form and a druggist wold not use it in the preparation of medicine. I believe that this drug should be added to the list of drugs controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
Inspection of this store showed that they had 16 one-ounce packages of Parke, Davis’ Indian hemp on hand. The proprietor of this store stated that their last call was made about three months ago to a Mexican soldier from across the river. He said that they do not have a call for it oftener than once in three months. He also stated that Cannabis indica is never prescribed by physicians, that it is not used by druggists in the preparation of medicine, and that the Government should put Cannabis indica on the list of drugs controlled by the Harrison Narcotic Law.
3/2/17 Ross Drug Store, Del Rio
Arthur Munsey of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“We do not keep Cannabis indica either in bulk or package form. Physicians never prescribe it and a druggist would not use it in the preparation of medicine. What Cannabis indica we use we buy in the extract form and make tincture with it. Now and then we have calls from Mexicans for Marihuana. Cannabis indica should be placed on the list of drugs controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
Inspection of importing houses and small grocery stores and interviews with customs and military officers produced the same results as at Del Rio. Also from inquiries made it appears that the Mexican population of the town are not addicted to the use of the drug for smoking purposes. There are two drug stores in this town and their statements regarding the drug are as follows:
3/3/17 Lyman Drug Co., Eagle Pass
Alfred William, druggist in charge of this store, stated in substance as follows:
“I have been employed at this store off and on for about 6 years. We never handled Cannabis indica in the herb form, either in package or in bulk. I was drug clerk for four years in a store in Piedras Negras, Mexico. There the law is very strict, Cannabis indica not being allowed to be sold. The Government should certainly control this drug in all its forms. The herb form is never prescribed by physicians and druggist do not use it in the preparation of medicine.”
Eagle Pass Drug co., Eagle Pass.
Mr. C.F. Carson, manager of the above drug store stated in substance as follows:
“We have four packages of Cannabis indica on hand, which was bought four years ago to supply the demand of one S.M. Seguin, a manufacture of Mexican cigarettes, formerly of Piedras Negras, Mexico, but who had transferred his business to Eagle Pass owing to revolution difficulties. We only sold this man one pound. We seldom have any call for this product. Physicians never prescribe Cannabis indica in the for of the herb and druggists never use it in the preparation of medicine. I believe that the Government should add this drug to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/14/17 Lus Dios, Luling, Texas
The above town was visited owing to the numerous sales made in the past to Lus dios by Francico Pizzini. This woman stated that she bought this Marihuana to supply one woman, a certain Fructuosa Garcia, whom she did not know personally other than the fact that she purchased many kinds of herbs from her. She furnished this woman with the Marihuana as a favor, charging her only the actual cost, plus the freight. It was impossible to locate this woman in Luling and she is supposed to be a peddler and had left the vicinity.
3/12/17 Francie and Mackay, Druggists, Luling
Mr. J.R. Mackay of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“I used to sell Marihuana and purchased it from the San Antonio Drug Company and the Houston Drug company. I formerly used the bulk form, but changed to the package form as it was easier to handle. I never had very much of it. The last I bought was a pound of Allaire Woodward’s product, about a year ago. I bought it to supply tow Mexican customers of mine. One of these Mexicans buys a package now about every other months. A physician never prescribes Cannabis indica in the herb form and it is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. The Government should certainly put Cannabis on the narcotic list.
Mr. Cocreham stated in substance as follows:
“I have been in business at this place for 37 years. Years ago I used to have frequent calls for Marihuana. I have never bought any. About 15 years ago a Mexican boy who was working for me brought some Marihuana into the store. He said his mother raised it, and I allowed him to sell it. I have calls for it now probably two or three times a month from transient Mexicans who have drifted into Luling either to escape trouble in Mexico or to work in the cotton fields here. I consider this drug very dangerous and it should be added to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
Bouldin Drug Store, Luling
W.C. Bouldin, proprietor of the above drug store, stated in substance: “I have been in business at this store for two years and have never handled Cannabis indica in the herb form. Physicians do not prescribe it and it is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. I have only had about three calls for it in two years. It should be addeed to the list of drugs controlled under the Harrison Narcotic law.
3/10/17 I.D. Flores, Floresville, Druggist
Inspection of the books of Francisco Pizzini of San Antonio and J. Armengol, of Laredo, showed several sales of marihuana to I.D. Flores of Floresville, Texas. It we found that this man was conducting a drug store and in addition was conducting a mail order business, supplying, among other things, Marihuana in small quantities from 10 cent orders to orders of $1.00, the average order being for a quarter. He is supplying about 20 customers in various parts of Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, California, Kansas and Colorado. He fills about 10 orders a month for marihuana, all being to Mexicans. Mr. Flores stated it was his belief that the people purchase this for their own use for smoking purposes. The orders he fills containing a request for Marihuana are generally of about $1.00 in value, of which about 25 cents is for marihuana. He believes that Cannabis indica should be placed on the narcotics list. He stated that physicians never prescribe it and that it is of no use to druggists in the preparation of medicine.
3/10/17 Palace Drug Store, Floresville
Mr. A.D. Paulus, Manager of the above store, stated that he buys Cannabis indica in 1/4, 1/2 and 1 pound lots for sale to Mexicans. He does not sell over 3 pounds a year. He buys it from the San Antonio Drug Company, San Antonio, Texas. He states:
“Saturdays and Sundays when the Mexicans come into town is when I sell Marihuana. I believe that this should be added to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law. Cannabis indica in the form of the herb is never prescribed by physicians and is not used by the druggist in the manufacture of medicine.”
Report on Marihuana; Regions of the Globe where it is produced; the Parts of it which are Used; its Physical Characters; its Chemical Composition; Medicinal Properties; Does in which it is applied; Method of Cultivating it; and harmful Effects which it may Occasion.
Marihuana is, without doubt, one of the most important plants of the vegetable kingdom which has merited the attention of men of science, who have found in it useful medicinal properties.
According to the statement of the Mexican Pharmacopoeia, published in the City of Mexico in 1896 by various Professors of the permanent Pharmacopoeia commission, Marihuana is known under different names; being called in Mexico, “Rosa Maria”; in France, “Chanvre Indien”; in England, “Hemp”; and in other parts of the world, “Cannabis Indica” and “Urbicacea”, formerly “Cannabinacea”.
Regions where it is produced:
Cultivation of this plant is widely extended to almost every region of the Mexican Republic, and more especially in the mountains of Tlalpan, a district near the City of Mexico. It is also cultivated to a considerable extent in Asia and other different places of the globe.
Parts of it which are Used:
If we limit ourselves to the practice constantly observed in connection with the use of Marihuana in the Mexican Republic, we may say, or indeed affirm, that all parts of this pant are used, in different forms, which have been employed in the treatment of various diseases.
Its Physical Characters:
Marihuana is one of the plants commonly called “annuals”, because its duration or term of life is only one year; it is dioecious, i.o., it belongs to the plants whose sexes are separated
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At the base of each flower of this plant there is a green bract, very large, the calyx of united sepals being covered with little brown glands.
The fruit of Marihuana, which goes under the name of “seed”, is an achenium (drug fruit), surrounded by the calyx, or strong odor and of bitter and acrid taste.
Its chemical composition:
According to the most eminent botanists, among whom is included Schlesinger, Marihuana contains the following: a bitter substance, chlorophyll, a green resin (cannabins), coloring matter, gummy extract and extractive matter, woody material and salts. The capable botanist, Personne, states that the active principle of Marihuana is an essential oil which exists in it, formed by the mixture of two hydrocarbons, a liquid called cannabin and another solid which is a hydrate of cannabin.
Besides those active principles, Liebod and Bradbury extracted from Marihuana an alkaloid, and Merck succeeded in isolating a glycoside or substance belonging to the sugar type.
Although Personne has stated that the active principle of Marihuana is an essential oil which it contains, as already mentioned, nevertheless other botanists as eminent as he have asserted and held that this active
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With regard to other substances found in Marihuana by Hay and Bourbelon, tentano cannabin and cannabinon, such substances remain almost unknown up to date in the world of scientific investigations.
Uses of Marihuana
The medicinal uses of this interesting plant are: sedatives and hypnotics employed in calming and lulling the nervous system.
It will not be unlikely that, by continued study of the plant referred to, there will be found new medicinal virtues which can benefit humanity.
Dose for applications:
When this plant is prepared as a tincture, its application occurs in the dose of 0.15.
Some botanists consider and even classify Marihuana as a simple variety of cannabis sativa.
Its cultivation:
The method employed for sowing and harvesting Marihuana is extremely simple, since all that is necessary is to remove and pulverize the earth in which it is to be sown, after which is distributed the seed, which is very similar to that of ?corinander, upon the earth prepared in this way; it is necessary to see that the seeds are not planted in masses, but separated by a convenient distance in order to prevent some sprouts from injuring others after germination.
When the seed is planted in the manner indicated, it is covered with a little earth, not more than three millimeters deep.
When the plant begins to grow it must receive the same care and attention which horticulture requires for the cultivation of every class of legumes and annual plants. In the Mexican Republic, when the plant has become dry after having flowered and produced fruit and thus completed
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Besides the medicinal uses which Marihuana possesses as a benefit for suffering humanity, this plant is employed for intoxicating effects by people of the Mexican Republic by smoking its leaves in cigarettes made from maize leaves or paper in the same form that tobacco is used; i.e., by comminuting or triturating the laves in order to allow of the making of cigarette.
The intoxication which the smoking of such cigarettes produces when inhaled, which the smoker performs with great satisfaction, is somewhat similar to that occasioned by alcohol, opium, morphine, ether and other narcotic substances, with this difference, as those state who are accustomed to smoke this plant, that the first phases of this rare mental disorder, produce in the soul of the intoxicated person a wonderful sensation of joyfulness which possesses his entire being, making him feel a happiness never imagined in his normal condition, causing him to be more lively and communicative and to be capable of accomplishing most heroic actions.
But this condition of general exhilaration last a short time only, then suddenly the well-being which follows continued inhalation of the awful poison, becomes wrathful and savage and his acts are rather those of a furious madman. The face becomes red and finally livid’ the eyes, which struggle to leap from their orbits, become glassy and a mad desire to destroy and kill becomes overpowering.
The cases are not few in which individuals who have disordered their mental faculties by inhaling the smoke of the terrible plant, when emerging from the intoxication and recovering the use of their senses, find
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To avoid as much as possible such tremendous evils, the authorities of some of the States of the Mexican Republic have prescribed severe regulations prohibiting the sale of this plant, except for medicinal use in which case the sale must be conducted in establishments which receive proper authorization for the same.
These data are the most important of which we are aware thus far, and it will be possible to say more about this interesting matter with further study and attention.
(signed) Jose Martinez
Mr. Calderoni states in substance as follows:
“I have never handled Marihuana at my drug store and would not handle it, as it is a very dangerous drug and injurious to health when smoked, causing the user to become crazy and run amuck. I will recite a little incident that happened which has always made me very afraid of marihuana smokers. When I was a young man I was invited by a very close friend of mine to visit with him a young lady to whom my friend was engaged to be married. During the evening this friend signified his intention to try a smoke of Marihuana. Although I had never smoked it I had some in my pocket at the time and as he was anxious to try it I gave him some. He made a cigarette and smoked it. Soon afterwards I left the house. The next morning I received a note from the young lady to be careful and keep away from my friend as he was trying to find me and kill me. This was about ten o’clock in the morning and the effects of the drug were still with him. Upon meeting my friend after the effects of the drug had worn off, I told him of the circumstances and of my having received the letter from his fiancee warning me to keep out of his way. He said he knew nothing of the effect that the drug had had upon him and of his intention to kill me, so we laughed it off and thought it quite a joke.
“In Mexico the ignorant people of the poorer class living in the country and mountains fo not employ a doctor to attend to their women at child birth. It is not an uncommon thing for them to ad
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minister a tea made out of the following herbs: ‘Culantrillo de Mexico’ (Maiden hair of Mexico); ‘Romero’ (Rosemary leaves); ‘Alusema’ (Lavender leaves); and ‘Marijuana’, believing that it is essential for the successful delivery of the child.
“I believe that the sale of Cannabis indica should be controlled under the Harrison Anti-Narcotic law. Physicians never prescribe the herb and druggists never use it in the preparation of medicine. It is sold in package from and in bulk solely for smoking purposes.”
3/14/17 Brownsville Drug Company, Brownsville
Jose Marinez, proprietor, stated in substance as follows:
“I have never used the herb in its leaf form, use the extract only. I have been at the above drug store for nine years. Sometimes I have a call for Marihuana from Mexicans of the lower class. I do not think that the Mexicans that come here for Marihuana live in Brownsville, but live in Matamoros, Mexico, across the river from Brownsville. They are accustomed to obtaining the weed there, and so when they are here they come to drug stores, thinking that they can also obtain it. I have not filled a prescription for Cannabis for many years. This drug should be controlled under the narcotic law as it is extremely dangerous to health. In the form of the herb it is never prescribed by physicians or used by druggists, in the preparation of medicine, it being bought and used for smoking purposes.”
3/13/17 M. J. Garcia, Brownsville
(Mr. Garcia is a Mexican born in Brownsville)
Mr. Garcia states in substance as follows:
I have been in business here for 13 years handling general produce. Smoking Marihuana dries up the brain, and the victim finally loses his mind completely. Drunkenness is nothing compared to the effects of smoking marihuana. The U.S. Government should do something to prohibit the sale of marihuana. It should be added to the list of narcotics prohibited under the Harrison Narcotic Law.
Mr. Orsuna stated in substance as follows:
“I used to sell marihuana in my store, together with other Mexican herbs. I was advised some time ago that it was against the law and have not sold any since. I have nine children. When each of these children was born we employed a “partera” who gave “Te de Marihuana” (Marihuana tea) as follows: A pinch of Marihuana, as much as you would get between the thumb and first and second fingers, boiled in half a cup of water, strained and drunk morning and night for a period of one month before time of child birth. This prevents the woman from feeling any pain at child birth.”
3/13/17 J.L. Putegnat & Bro., Druggists.
Mr. Putegnat stated in substance as follows:
I have been at this drug store since 1865 but have not handled Cannabis Indica in the herb form for over 5 years. It is a drug which in the herb form is never prescribed by a physician and is of no use to a to a druggist in the preparation of medicine, it being used only for smoking purposes. It is necessary to put this drug on the narcotic list and control it in all of its forms. I have a call for Marihuana about once a month - always from Mexicans. When the drug is smoked the user becomes wild and raving mad and imagines that he sees all sort of things and hears noises. He does not stagger like one under the influence of liquor but seems to be in a complete daze. In this condition he is very dangerous. I have often wondered why the Government never passed a law prohibiting the sale of this article. I stopped selling it long ago when I found out what the effects of it were.”
Mr. E.R. Howard, part proprietor of the above store, stated as follows:
“I have been with this concern for six years and we have never handled the herb in any form. We found out years ago that it is very bad and although we have had, and do now have, many calls for it, have never put in a stock of it. We probably had as many as a half dozen calls a day for Marihuana years go, but lately since they know we do not handle it we have a call only now and then. These are from people from Matamoros, Mexico, and not from Mexicans living in Brownsville. Mr. M. Cisneros, a drug clerk at this store, was formerly a drug clerk in Matamoros, Mexico, where he said he used to sell a lot of Marihuana to Mexican soldiers’ wives, who would come and get it, as the soldiers were not allowed to buy it. They would then smuggle it into the barracks with the dinner”.
3/14/17 Willman’s Pharmacy, Brownsville
3/14/17 W.G. Willamn stated in substance, as follows:
I have not sold Marihuana for 10 years. I would not handle this stuff. It should be controlled under the narcotic law in all of its forms. It is never prescribed by a physician and is on no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. We have nor about two calls a month for marihuana from low class Mexicans. Mexicans living in Brownsville do not call for it as they know we do not handle it. Those calling for it must be from Matamoros or transients from some part of Mexico.”
3/16/17 Houston Drug Co., Wholesale Druggist, Houston
Mr. R.T. Gibbs, vice president of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“We buy Cannabis indica in ounce packages from Allaire Woodward & co., Peoria, Illinois, at $3.00 a pound and sell it for $3.50 a pound. We bought 10 pounds on June 30, 1916, and have bought 10 pounds so far the percent year. We use to buy this before the war at 60 cents a pound. We buy direct from the manufacturer. We have on hand 15 pounds. We have very little call for this product and sell only to a few drug stores in 2 and 3 ounce lots. We use some of our stock for the preparation of tinctures. I believe that Cannabis indica should be controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/16/17 Southern Drug Co., Wholesale Druggist, Houston
Mr. B.B. Gilmer, president of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“We never sold any great amount of Cannabis indica. We found that drug stores known to be handling narcotics extensively were the ones calling for Cannabis indica and we stopped the sale of it. We have not sold 5 lbs in 5 months.”
Inspection of this establishment showed that they had less than a pound on hand. This was in loose form and they had no ounce packages on hand. Mr. Gilmer believes that Cannabis indica should be controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.
Mr. W.A. Schaffer of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“I have been located here for 5 years and have never carried any Cannabis indica in herb form. We have very few calls for this, probably not more than one a year. Five years ago before I took over this store I was employed in another drug store in town and we sold quite a little Cannabis, mostly to Mexicans and negroes. Cannabis in the herb form is never prescribed by physicians and druggists do not use it in the preparation of medicine. It should be controlled in all its forms under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/16/17 City Drug Store, Houston
Mr. J.P. McDaniels, proprietor of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“I have been engaged in business at this place for 1-1/2 years, during which time I have not handled any Cannabis indica. I used to work at the Seawall Pharmacy, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and in drug stores in Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Redlands, California, and sold Cannabis indica in ounce packages. I also worked in San Antonio for five years at F. & A. Chapa’s Drug Store and at Cupple’s Drug Store. We sold the herb there in bulk form. We have calls for it here 2 or 3 times a month. My predecessor used to keep it in stock, but knowing that it was used solely for smoking purposes with resulting bad effects I decided not to put it in stock. I believe that Cannabis indica should be controlled by the Government in all of its forms. We do considerable business over the telephone and have calls form prostitutes in the district for Marihuana.”
Mr. W. L. White, manager of the above firm, stated in substance as follows:
“We purchase Cannabis indica from the Houston Drug Co., put up by Allaire Woodward & co. We sell about one ounce package per week. Current sales are mostly to negroes. Some whites buy it. I have one white customer that buys this from time to time. We do most of our business over the telephone with the sporting houses. We sell this to a colored sporting house located at no. 1114 Chambers Street, Houston. Cannabis indica in the herb form is never prescribed by physicians and is not used by druggists in the preparation of medicine, it being purchased solely for smoking purposes. It should be controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
A visit was paid to the above mentioned sporting house and it was ascertained that they had one inmate who smoked Marihuana whenever she got drunk. The person interviewed stated that the party when under the influence of Marihuana became mean, ugly, and hard to handle, and that when in this condition it took a half dozen people to handle her to get here in bed.
[Museum Note -- Don’t exactly know what a sporting house is, but it sounds like fun]
3/16/17 Acme Drug Store, Houston
Inspection of this store showed that they had 10 packages of Allaire, Woodward’s Cannabis indica on hand and 2 packages of Parke, Davis”. Mr. R.W. Roof, clerk at this store stated in substance as follows:
“I have been employed here for four months. All of our business is over the telephone with the sporting houses. We sell about three packages a week and deliver the goods. I cannot tell you now to whom the Cannabis indica is sold. We buy it all from the Houston Drug Co. Physicians never prescribe Cannabis indica in the herb form and
Acme Drug Store, Houston (Continued) Druggists do not use it in the preparation of medicine. Its sale should be controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/16/17 Herbert’s Drug Store, Houston
Mr. Herbert of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“I have been at this stand for 3 years and have never kept any Cannabis indica in stock. I used to have frequent calls for it until people found out that we did not keep it. These calls were from Mexicans. We have had no calls for it now for about two or three months. It is never prescribed in the herb form by physicians and is not used by druggists in the preparation of medicines. Twelve years ago I worked at Willburn’s Drug Store in Houston. We would buy 2 or 3 pounds a week from the Houston Drug Co. I think it should be controlled in all its forms under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/16/17 Hoencke’s Pharmacy, Houston
Mrs. gates, prescription clerk and wife of the proprietor of this store stated that they never had handled any Cannabis indica in herb form, that they never had any calls for it and that they did not have any Mexican trade. She said that she did not know that the herb was sometimes used for smoking purposes.
Inspection of the above store showed that they had eight one ounce packages of Parke, Davis & co.’s Indian hemp on hand. Mr. W.W. Cunningham of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“We purchase indian hemp in package form from Parke, Davis & Co., and from the Houston Drug co. On august 3, 1916 we had on hand 3 pounds, which was part of a 5 pound order purchased from Parke, Davis & Co., direct. We have only purchased two pounds since. We sell about a package a day on the average to American and Spanish sporting women, and to well-dressed American men, who I would judge are the type of men known as gamblers, ‘hop heads’, and pimps. We used to sell to quite a few Mexicans but I have noticed lately in the last year that the trade in this article has changed and that we selling fewer Mexicans and more whites. We sell an ounce package for 40 cents. This is an article that a physician never prescribe and is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. I believe it should be controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/19/17 Rexall Drug store, Houston
Inspection of this drug store showed no Cannabis indica in the herb form in stock. Mr. H.J. Placin of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“We have not had any Cannabis indica in the herb form on stock for over a year. Formerly we used to have a call for it two or three times a week. Then we could sell it for 10 cents a package; now it is way up in price. We bought it form Parke Davis & Co. Now we seldom have a call for it; perhaps about once a month on the average. All our calls are from Mexicans. It might be a good idea to have the drug controlled, especially as it is being used by persons who do not know its dangerous effects. It is never prescribed by physicians and is not used by the druggist in the preparation of medicine.
Mr. Abbott Cockerell, proprietor of this store states in substance as follows:
“I have been in business here for 26 years and never at any time kept Cannabis indica in the herb form. We do not come in contact with the Mexican trade and have no calls for Cannabis indica. I would not sell it for the reason that I have never cared to sell a habit forming drug. I remember some years ago, when we had a race meeting in Houston, there was a large demand for Cannabis in liquid form from race horses people, who, I understand, gave it to their horses as a stimulant. It is never prescribed by a physician and is never used by the druggist in the preparation of medicine. It should be added to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotics Law”
3/19/17 Burgheim’s Drug Store, Houston
Inspection of this store showed that there were four packages of Allaire Woodward & Co.’s Indian hemp in ounce packages on hand. Mr. W.R. Karn, prescription and sales clerk for this concern stated in substance as follows:
“We have very few calls for Cannabis indica in package form, probably not more than one a month; from Mexicans mostly. I cannot say when we bought this last lot as our invoices are destroyed every thirty days. It is a product that is never prescribed by physicians and is never used by druggists in the preparation of medicine. Its only use is for smoking purposes and a law should be passed to put this drug on the narcotic list and have it controlled along with the other habit forming drugs. “
Mr. S. Roucse, proprietor of this store, stated in substance as follows:
“I have been at this store for about 3 years and during that time have never sold any Cannabis indica, nor had any on stock. Several years ago, when I was located in another store, I kept a small amount of the herb in package form. I had calls for it exclusively from Mexicans. Now at this store I have a call about once a month for Indian hemp, but the demand seems to come more from white people, such as ‘hop heads’ and pimps, who probably are having difficulty in obtaining their usual supply of dope. Cannabis indica in herb form is something that the doctors never prescribe and a druggist never uses it in the preparation of medicines. It should be controlled in all of its forms under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/19/17 Radford’s Drug Store, Houston
Mr. J. M. Rucker, manager of this firm, stated in substance as follows:
“I have been employed in this store for 5 years and we have not had any Cannabis indica in the herb form in stock for about 2-1/2 years. We were advised by some Government representative to discontinue selling it. We have a call for it now about once a month, mostly from Mexicans. Sometimes, although not often, we have a call for it from white persons, who I would say were addicted to the use of narcotics. Cannabis indica in the herb form is never prescribed by physicians and is a product never used by druggists in the preparation of medicines. It is always sold in the original package to the consumer. It should be added to the list of narcotics controlled by the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
Mr. G.W. Gates of this firm stated in substance as follows:
“We have not kept any Cannabis indica in the herb form in stock for over two years. We have a call for this product every few days, mainly from Mexicans and from whites who I would say are addicted to the use of narcotics. I have noticed that there seems to be an increase lately in the number of white people asking for it. Cannabis indica is never prescribed by physicians and is not used by a druggist in the preparation of medicine, and should be added to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/17/17 Chas. W. Witherspoon, Druggist, Galveston
Mr. T.C. McCormick, drug clerk of this concern stated in substance as follows:
“We have no Cannabis indica in the herb form now in stock; have not had any for some time. We are not handling it any more. We have calls for it about 10 times a year from Mexicans, a low class of whites, and East Indians coming off from the boats. Sometimes as many as 15 East Indians will come into the store together and one of them will generally as for Indian Hemp. Cannabis indica is never prescribed in the herb form by physicians, and druggist never use it in the preparation of medicine. It should be added to the list of narcotics controlled by the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/17/17 J.G. Schott Drug co., Galveston
Mr. R.J.W. Jones, prescription clerk in this drug store stated in substance as follows:
“We used to sell quite a lot of Cannabis indica in package form, as many as tow packages a day on the average. We stopped the sale of it some time ago as we considered it to be a habit forming drug. We sold mostly to East Indians and Mexicans. We have about three calls a week for it now. Physicians never prescribe it and the druggist does not use it in the preparation of medicine. It is sold to the consumer in the original package for smoking purposes. Cannabis indica should be added to the list of narcotics controlled by the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
Inspection of this store showed that they had about two pounds of Allaire Woodwar’s Cannabis indica in ounce package on hand. Mr. F.G. Leinback, proprietor of this store stated in substance as follows:
“On September 30, 1915 we bought 3 pounds of Cannabis indica in package form. We sell at present about one package a month. Our sales are to Mexicans, negroes, and chauffeurs, and a low class of whites such as those addicted to the use of habit forming drugs, and hangers on of the underworld. I formerly was engaged in the drug trade at Taylor, Texas, and frequently sold Allaire Woodward’s Cannabis indica in package to white prostitutes, receiving the order over the telephone. In my 15 years experience in drug business, I have never known this drug to have been sold for any other purposes than for smoking. During the time of the American expedition into Vera Cruz, Mexico, there were a great many soldiers coming through Galveston. We had calls from them for Indian hemp. Physicians never prescribe it in the herb from and it is of no use to a druggist in the preparation of medicine. I believe that it should be added to the narcotic list and be controlled in all of its forms under the Harrison narcotic Law.”
Mr. P.S. Rockford, manager of this concern, states in substance as follows:
“We used to handled Cannabis indica in the herb form and had a call for it about once in two weeks, mainly form Mexicans and whites addicted to the use of habit forming drugs. I believe that the whites purchased this because they could not get their regular line of ‘dope.’ About six months ago we bought one pound from San Antonio Drug Co., but we had a fire in our store and it was damaged. We have not purchased any since that time. A “dope fiend” (white) came into my store yesterday and wanted to buy a package. I sold a Mexican a package of it one day and later on in the day he came back to purchase a second package. He acted crazy and in a stupor, and his eyes stuck out of his head. I asked him what he did with the first package I had sold him and he said he put it into a pipe and smoked it. After that I decided that I would not sell any more Cannabis India. Indian hemp is always sold in the original package, physicians never prescribe it, and druggists never use it in the preparation of medicine. I have often wondered why Cannabis indica was not placed on the narcotic list at the start.”
3/17/17 Glass & Temple, Druggist, Galveston
Mr. W.T. Glass of this firm stated that he had been in the drug business for 2-1/2 years, that he never kept any Cannabis indica in the herb form, that he never had a call for it to his knowledge, and that he did not know that it was ever used for smoking purposes.
Investigation of this store showed that they had two pounds of Parke, Davis & Co.’s Indian hemp in package from on hand. The druggist at this store stated in substance as follows:
“We sell about one pound a month, or a package every two days. On February 16, 1917, we purchased from the Houston Drug co., 3 pounds at $3.25 per pound. We sell this from 35 cents a package. Sometimes we get orders from Mexican sporting houses over the telephone for Cannabis indica. Chauffeurs and pimps, both black and white, purchase the drug, which I believe they supply to sporting women. Indian hemp is always sold in the original package and is never prescribed in the herb form by physicians; and is not used by druggists in the preparation of medicine. I believe that Cannabis indica should be added to the list of narcotics controlled under the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
3/17/17 Keen’s Drug Store, Galveston
Investigation of the above concern showed that they had 4 ounce packages of Allaire Woodward & Co.’s Indian hemp on hand. Mr. L J. Jorden, clerk at this store, stated in substance as follows:
“On March 9, 1917, we purchased ¼ of a dozen packages of Cannabis indica from the Houston Drug Co., but have not have not sold a package since that date. We have calls over the telephone from white sporting houses. The last package we sold was to a white sporting house at No. 2727 Church St., Galveston. We sell this for 35 cents a package. We do not have any call form Mexicans. Physicians never prescribe it in the herb form and druggists do not use it in the preparation of medicine. I believe that the drug should be added to the list of narcotics controlled by the Harrison Narcotic Law.”
Examination of this drug store showed that they had 12 packages of Allaire Woodward’s Cannabis indica on hand. Mr. H. Koester stated in substance as follows:
“I do not know when I brought this or when I have sold a package. I think it was purchased from one of the drug houses in Houston. I do not recollect when I sold the last package, and would not have known that I had any on stock if yo9u had not brought the matter to my attention. I did not know that the drug was being used for smoking purposes.”
From the results of the investigation it would appear:
(1) That Indian hemp (Cannabis indica) in the form of the herb is being imported into the United States by large manufacturing drug concerns and sold to retail druggists in bulk and in package from.
(2) That these retail druggists do not use the product for the preparation of medicine, but dispose of it over the counter to the consumer, who uses it for smokin gpurposes.
(3) That “Marihuana” (Juanita, Rosa Maria), a species of Cannabis indica grown in Mexico, is being smuggled into this country and shipped through the mails or otherwise to various parts of the United States for smoking purposes.
(4) That when either Indian hemp or marihuana is smoked it is not only injurious to the health of the smoker but often causes him to commit heinous crimes, thereby rendering himself a source of danger to the community where he holds forth.
Section 11 of the food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906 prohibits the importation into the United States of any food or drug product which is dangerous to the health of the people of this country, or is of a kind forbidden to be sold, or restricted in sale in, the country in which it is made or from which it is exported. Recognizing the baneful effect the smoking of Marihuana was having upon the people of this country, especially along the Mexican boarder, as evidence by reports reaching the Department of Agriculture during the last
In view of the foregoing facts, and considering the numerous statements and letters of physicians, druggists, Government officials, and others, as shown in the accompanying detailed report and enclosures, it is recommended that some action be taken toward securing an amendment to the Harrison Narcotic Law that will include Cannabis indica. In this connection it is to be noted that in the Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue of 1915, page 30, it was recommended that the Harrison Narcotic Law be amended or revised to embody the following provision:
“First. A tax on the drugs specified, based upon some unit of weight, such tax to be denoted by stamps, affixed to original packages or containers, and that the list of proscribed drugs be extended to include chloral0hydrate and cannabis indica, and other drugs having the same general properties with a clear definition of ‘substitutes’ and ‘synthetic substitutes’ for such drugs.”It is further recommended that the Governors of the various States be advised of the fact that Cannabis indica is being used for smoking purposes, and that a suggestion be made to them to cause legislation to be enacted prohibiting the sale or having in possession of Cannabis indica in bulk or in package form within their respective States. Also that sale of the exact be permitted only upon a physician’s prescription.
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