Still another center is Louisville, for the good reason that Kentucky is one of the largest hemp-growing states in the Union.   And, certainly, marihuana was blamed for one of the most wanton murders Louisville has known in the last five years.   In this crime, twenty-year-old Calvin Tate, with three accomplices, attempted to hold up a filling station operated by an elderly man.   Their plans failed, a boy pulled a gun and the station owner was killed.   In their rush for freedom, they killed two other men, neither of whom attempted to halt them.   The first was standing on a corner outside the station waiting for a bus.   The second, attracted by the shots, was walking in his front yard when Tate and the only other gunman in the quartet, Willard Hall, ran past.   Captured, Tate admitted being at the station with Hall during the holdup but said he was “muggle-headed" at the time.   This was his defense to police.   It wasn't enough and a jury sent him, with Hall, to the electric chair.   -- DESIGNS IN SCARLET By Courtney Ryley Cooper 1939

NEWPORT, KY.   On Feb. 24, 1938, police officers of Feb. 24, 1938, Feb. 24, 1938,., arrested Ralph Bridowell for the possession of stolen property.   While searching his premises they found a total of 8 kg. 306 gm. of marihuana, to which he acknowledged ownership and claimed to have purchased it from a man whose name he did not know.   On February 25, 1938, his brother, Harry Bridewell, was arrested for the sale of marihuana cigarettes.   Both pleaded guilty and each was sentenced to serve a term of 5 years in the Penitentiary.   Each had previously served a penitentiary term for violations of the liquor laws.

MARIHUANA CACHE FOUND AT NEWPORT
“CINCINNATI, O. --With the arrest of four more men, Cincinati metropolitan area police believed Saturday they had uncovered a source of a supply for manufacturing Marihuana cigarets.   Authorities found a #10,000 supply of the drug in a Newport, Ky., house, they said.
Harry Bridewell, 27, of Newport, was arrested Friday by Newport police and turned over to federal agents, who charged him with transporting and selling Marihuana.   He was held under $5,000 bond. “

KENTUCKY - Covington On July 12, 1935, two men, ages 23 and 25, were bound over to the Hamilton County Grand Jury in Cincinnati Municipal Court on a charge of possessing marihuana cigarettes, or "muggles".   The two men were picked up in Newport, Kentucky. One of the men, Rochae is said to have purchased the marihuana on Lower Madison Avenue, Covington, Kentucky.   --- ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN MARIHUANA - aka Gore File

MUGGLES SOLD HERE IS CLAIM
“Marihuana Cigarets Bought in Newport and Covington, Prisoners Say The sale of muggles will not be tolerated in northern Kentucky, Theodore Kluemper, Covington city manager, declared today.
Two men, Cornellus Glass, 23, and Carl Rochae, 25, both of Cincinnati, were bound over to the Hamilton county, O., grand jury in cincinnati Municipal Court on a charge of possessing narcotics. In addition, the two were fined $50 and cost on loitering charges.
Glass and Rochae were picked up on Fountain Square Saturday nigtht. Glass said he had purchased muggles in Newport, while Rochae is said to have purchased the cigarets on lower Madison avenue in Covington.
Both were held on $5000 bonds.
When informed of the statements made by Cincinnati police.   Mr. Kluemper said: “Covington had an ordinance against the sale of marihuana cigarets.   The law is as hard to enforce as prohibition, but the officers are doing their best.”
Mr. Wallingford also said that Newport had an ordinance prohibiting the sale of the weed.

“Bourbon County’s ‘Ghost Man’ Is Arrested For Having $25,000 Worth of Marihuana”
Paris, Ky., Oct.
Of mystery surrounding Bourbon County’s “ghost man” was punctured Thursday by Paris Police Officers and federal narcotic agents when they arrested swarthy, 52-year-old James “Mexican Jim” McBain for possessing and transferring marihuana -- an estimated $25,000 worth.

MmBain pleaded guilty to charges of possessing and transferring the narcotics before United States Commissioner William Hays at Lexington later in the day.   He was held to the federal grand jury under $2,000 Bond to await trial at the Richmond term of court.   Unable to furnish bond, he was remanded to the Fayette County Jail.

For the last six years, the swarthy man has been seen around Paris.   He always carried a small burlap sack.   Nobody knew where he lived or what his name was until Thursday.

Several weeks ago Chief of Police A.B. Lovell and Patrolman Fred Link Became suspicious of the odd character and, believing he might be a dealer in some kind of narcotics, notified federal agents at Lexington.

Five of the agents immediately came to Paris and went to work to see for themselves what this “ghost man” business was all about.

Tenants on a farm off the Peacock Road, approximately four miles from here told agents and police that the man often had been seen walking along the railroad near the farm.

On three consecutive nights they lay in the tall grass in a cemetery on the farm watching and waiting for the man to appear.

Meanwhile the officers found a small amount of marihuana in a weather-beaten shed in a thicket on the farm.   But they saw nothing of the man.   So the agents returned to Lexington.

Says He’s Carrying Tea.
Thursday morning, two days after the agents left, Chief Lovell and patrolman Link saw “Mexican Jim” walking along the railroad near the farm.

Link and Lovell asked “Mexican Jim” was carrying in his sack.

“It’s tea.” The man replied.
The officers discovered the contents were marihuana.

Then the federal agents rejoined the Paris officers in another searching foray at the Peacock Road farm.

This time a large quantity of Sifted Marihuana --- enough, they said, to manufacture approximately 100,000 “muggles” worth close to $25,000 at current prices --was found in a carbide can underneath the shed.

The officers also found a metal strainer, a small postal scale graduated In ounces, a quantity of wrapping cord and a number of Burlap Sacks.

The police party then went to a cave located in a “cut” along side the railroad tracks to complete the investigation.   They previously had been told by residents of the neighborhood that the Stranger often was seen entering this cave.

In it they found a straw bed, over which had been spread newspapers.   Several small pieces of marihuana also were discovered in the cavern.

At the jail, “Mexican Jim” told the officers he had visited Paris and Bourbon County numerous times within recent years “selling herbs and catnip to the ladies of the homes.”

McBain said he had “about Twenty pounds of the stuff (marihuana) stripped, cleaned and rubbed down in that shed out there.   I intended to take it over into Virginia and sell it”

“I was sent up from Cincinnati in 1939 on a marihuana charge.   I served the sentence, a year and a day in the federal prison at Atlanta, Georgia.   I used to sell Marihuana in Cincinnati, but I aimed to take the stuff and sell it in Virginia.”

	INDUSTRIAL HEMP IN KENTUCKY BEFORE THE COMMING OF THE MARIHUANA LAWS

The Mayor of Boise, Idaho, is quoted as follows:  "The Mexican beet-field workers have introduced a new problem-the smoking in cigarettes and pipes, of Marihuana or Grifo.   Its use is as demoralizing as the use of other narcotics, and Idaho has no law to cope with the use and spread of this dangerous drug".   --- JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY– May-June 1932/Mar.-Apr., 1933

What the Narc’s were claiming
MEMPHIS, TENN.   On Oct. 4, 1938, police officers of Memphis, Tenn., received information that Joe Lang, Orlando Hodge, and Mary Jones were planning to rob Mary Jones' aunt and with the proceeds therefrom to proceed to Chicago for the purpose of selling marihuana.   They were arrested on the same date and 411 gm. of marihuana and 147 marihuana cigarettes were seized.   They admitted that they had procured the marihuana on a plantation in Mississippi about 50 miles from Memphis, and divided it, and they had planned after committing the robbery to take the marihuana to Chicago and sell it.   On October 14, 1938, all three pleaded guilty.   Hodge and Lang each received a sentence of 3 years and $1,000 fine, both having previous criminal records.   Mary Jones was placed on probation for 3 years.   -- The Traffic in Opium and Other Dangers Drugs (1938)

Providence, R.I.: Nearly a ton of marihuana was found growing here by local police following the arrest of twenty tramps in possession of some of the weed.   The men stated they gathered it along the waterfront and after drying it, ground it in small coffee mills and rolled it into cigarettes.   As a result of this discovery a bill was introduced into the Rhode Island Legislature requesting an appropriation to be used in exterminating marihuana throughout the state.   -- Oakland Tribune (Newspaper) Oct. 11, 1936 “Don't be a MuggleHead”

RHODE ISLAND - Providence   On January 2, 1935, local police arrested 20 “floaters”, American tramps, who discovered marihuana growing along the waterfront in the vicinity of the gas holder and adjacent to the tanks of a large oil distributing company.   Some of these plants were 8’ high.   The men dried the marihuana after it was harvested, ground it in small coffee mills, and sold the "reefers" for from 10cents to 25cents each.   The contraband marihuana was confiscated and several lots where the plant was found growing were dug up and the weed destroyed.   A resolution was, introduced in the Rhode Island Legislature containing a request for a moderate appropriation for the purpose of exterminating marihuana throughout the State.   --- ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN MARIHUANA - aka Gore File

http://reefermadnessmuseum.org/chap06/RM_Halliday1.htm

September 13, 1938.
Mr. J. A. Manning,
District Supervisor,
San Francisco, California.

Dear Mr. Manning:
In an editorial on Marihuana in the Post-Enquirer of Oakland, California, dated August 30, 1938,
I note the following:

"But for one fact the grewsome story of two men who crucified a companion near Reno last week would be incredible.   When it is stated by the victim that these men were supplied with marihuana some key to their horrid beastiality Is furnished."

Please let me have a report on the details of this case if obtainable.
Very truly yours,

H.J. ANSLINGER
Commissioner.

September 24, 1938
BUREAU OF NARCOTICS
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
OFFICE OF DISTRICT SUPERVISOR
DISTRICT No. 14
STATES OF CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA

Mr. H.J. Anslinger,
Commissioner of Narcotics,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Sir:
Reference is had to your letter of September 13, 1938 quoting an editorial on Marihuana in the Post-Enquirer of Oakland, California, dated August 30, 1938, relative to the crucification of a man in Reno who, according to the article, had said the men who crucified him were supplied with Marihuana.

This was referred to Narcotic Agent Thomas E. McGuire at Reno, Nevada for investigation.   As a result he has submitted a report, it being dated September 21st, copy of which is enclosed together with clipping from one of the Reno newspapers.   Agent McGuire's report is self-explanatory and it would appear therefrom that the statements made by the man crucified could not be believed.
Very truly yours,

Joseph A. Manning
District Supervisor

Mr. Joseph A. Manning
District Supervisor
San Francisco Calif.
Reno Nev.
Sept 21, 1938

Dear Sir:
Relative to your letter of September 19, 1938, please find newspaper clipping as you requested.

2   At the time of this crime I was out of town working on case of S.E. 101 but I did make inquires upon my return from the officers on the case and learned that in substance, the newspaper story is accurate, but the victim of the crucifixion, told such a vague story concerning the two men that did the act and furthermore there were so many discrepancies in the victims story that the investigating officers could not do anything further on the case and the case was dropped.

3.   As to the crucifixion part of the story that is no doubts but as to the marihuana part of the story, that is the victims statement, and due to his inconsistencies in other parts of his story iec., he could not identify the men he claims to know for 8 yrs, mistaking the part his accomplishes took in the crime he was originally sentenced for, and also the improbable statements made by the victim of his part in making the cross and carrying it across a river without him being wet nor his clothes showing the water and also other details, that I took the the(sic) position that the investigating officers took and as did the district attorney that the victim was either a sex degenate or attempting to get publicity, and none of the facts devulged by him was worthy of belief.

4.   I might add that there must have been someone who did the nailing of the victim, as each hand and foot was nailed securely, but each nail was driven throught the fleash in such a way as not to break any bones and with the minimum of flesh being impaneled.

5.   No facts was disclosed showing that the victim was a marihuana user nor any facts be shown that the man responisbale were marihuana users, however it was not possible to check to state that they were no users.
Respectfully

Thomas E. McGuire
Narcotic Agent.

	NEVADA NEWSPAPER HEADLINES DURING THE REEFER MADNESS ERA

Portland Oregon, M 19 – Raped 16-year old high school girl; beat, broke jaw, knocked out upper teeth, in wooded area after beatnick party.   Arrested   -- Article by James C. Munch; "UN Bulletin on Narcotics"-1966 Issue 2

1960 - V. Mullen, - Portland, Ore. - M - 19 - Raped 16-yr. high school girl; beat, broke jaw, knocked out upper teeth, in wooded area after beatnick party.   - Arrested   - 6th conference report - INEOA 1965

Minnesota - 1938---Minnesota - 1938 Winona, Minn.   - Male - Smoked marihuana for years; held up 3 taxi-cabs.   Sentenced, 10 years   -- Article by James C. Munch; "UN Bulletin on Narcotics"-1966 Issue 2

1938 - E. Guthman, Winona, Minn. - m - Smoked marihuana for years; held up 3 taxi-cabs.   Convicted sentenced 10 years.   -- 6th conference report - INEOA 1965

MURDER

Name: Guadalupe Balli - Location: - Albert Lea, Minn. - Date: - Sept 22, 1938

Illinois - 1936 - William Barnett of Chicago, ILL., was arrested for the possession of marihuana.   At the time of Barnett's arrest he was in possession of a letter from Pete Gurralo, alias Joseph Fierro, of Mankato, Minn., offering to furnish marihuana in any quantity from 1 pound up.   On Sep. 22, 1936, Balli, alias Tom Gurrola, killed a man at Albert Lea, Minn.   Following the murder he escaped from prison and fled to the farm of his father.   He was identical with the man who offered to supply marihuana to Barnett.   When the officer went to the farm to apprehend him, he found 6 or 7 bushels of marihuana contained in a sack and two cardboard boxes, and concealed under a haystack   -- The Traffic in Opium and Other Dangers Drugs (1936)

Mankato, Minnesota September 1, 1936, William Barnett, 721 Oakwood Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois, was arrested for possession of Marihuana.   At the time of his arrest he was in possession of a letter from Pete Gurrola of Mankato, Minnesota, offering to furnish Marihuana in any quantity from one pound up.   On September 22, Guadalupe Balli, alias Tom Gurrola, killed a man at Albert Lea, Minnesota.   Following the murder he escaped from prison and fled to the farm of his father.   A representative of the sheriff’s office went to the farm to apprehend him but he was not there.   While searching the premises, they found a quantity of Marihuana concealed in a sack and two cardboard boxes, about 6 or 7 bushels, and covered by a haystack.   -- Review of the Illicit Traffic In The United States and the Philippine Islands In 1936

	MINNESSOTA NEWSPAPER HEADLINES DURING THE REEFER MADNESS ERA
	MINNESSOTA INDUSTRIAL HEMP DURING THE REEFER MADNESS ERA